长江流域棉区带状间作对棉花生长、产量及棉田经济效益的影响

Effects of strip intercropping on cotton growth,yield and economic benefits of cotton fields in the Yangtze River basin

【目的】探究长江流域棉区带状间作模式下棉花的产量形成机理,为间作模式在棉田中应用提供参考。【方法】设置棉花-辣椒(CCI)、棉花-菜豆(CBI)、棉花-花生(CPI)、棉花-甘薯(CSI)4种间作模式和棉花单作(MC),比较分析不同模式下棉花光合特性、干物质积累与分配、产量及产量构成因素,并计算比较不同模式下的棉花偏土地当量比和经济效益。【结果】CCI、CBI处理下籽棉产量分别是6055.19 kg·hm^(-2)和6495.81 kg·hm^(-2),较MC分别增加2.36%和9.81%,主要是因为这2种模式下棉花单株成铃数较MC分别增加1.61%和11.21%。而CPI、CSI处理下棉花单株成铃数、铃重分别比MC降低2.18%、8.98%和2.59%、5.60%。盛铃期,各间作模式的棉花叶面积指数表现为CBI>CCI>CPI>MC>CSI,其中CCI和CBI处理较MC的棉花叶面积指数显著增加5.88%和9.80%。CCI、CBI、CPI处理下棉花叶片SPAD值和净光合速率在盛花期较MC分别提高8.51%、7.65%、6.37%和11.55%、8.31%、4.02%。CCI、CBI、CPI处理对棉花叶片光合生理特性有一定促进作用,可提高吐絮期棉花干物质积累量,分别较MC显著增加9.71%、7.58%、6.14%。CCI、CBI、CPI和CSI处理下棉田经济效益较MC分别提高0.62倍、1.53倍、0.38倍、2.33倍。根据间作模式下棉花面积占比和棉花偏土地当量比,棉花在CCI、CBI、CPI间作模式中处于优势地位。【结论】从棉田经济效益考虑,4种间作模式的经济效益均高于单作棉花,其中,棉花-甘薯模式的经济效益最高,在生产中具有一定可行性;从棉花生长及产量方面考虑,棉花-菜豆模式的籽棉产量最高,其次为棉花-辣椒模式。

[Objective]This study aimed to explore the cotton yield formation mechanism under strip intercropping in the Yangtze River basin,and to screen the cotton intercropping patterns that are suitable for mechanized cotton production and highly efficient and sustainable.[Method]Four intercropping patterns of cotton-chili(CCI),cotton-bean(CBI),cotton-peanut(CPI),and cotton-sweet potato(CSI)and monocropping cotton(MC)were set up,and the photosynthetic characteristics,dry matter accumulation and distribution,yield and yield components of cotton under different intercropping patterns were analyzed,and the cotton partial land equivalent ratio(PLER)and economic benefits under various patterns were calculated.[Result]The seed cotton yield of CCI and CBI treatment were 6055.19 kg·hm^(-2) and 6495.81 kg·hm^(-2),which were 2.36%and 9.81%higher than that of MC,respectively.The main reason for the yield increase was that boll number per plant under these two modes increased by 1.61%and 11.21%,compared with MC,respectively.Compared with MC,the boll number per plant of cotton under CPI and CSI treatments decreased by 2.18%and 8.98%,and boll weight of cotton under CPI and CSI decreased by 2.59%and 5.60%.At full boll setting period,the leaf area index of cotton in various intercropping modes showed the following order:CBI>CCI>CPI>MC>CSI,and the leaf area index of cotton in CCI and CBI treatment increased by 5.88%and 9.80%compared with MC,respectively.At flourishing flowering period,compared with MC,the SPAD value and net photosynthetic rate of cotton leaves of CCI,CBI and CPI treatments increased by 8.51%,7.65%,6.37%and 11.55%,8.31%,4.02%,respectively.The CCI,CBI,and CPI treatments had a positive effect on the photosynthesis of cotton leaves and further increased the total dry matter accumulation of cotton at the boll opening period by 9.71%,7.58%and 6.14%compared with MC,respectively.Under the treatments of CCI,CBI,CPI,and CSI,the economic benefits increased by 0.62,1.53,0.38,and 2.33 times compared with that of MC.Cotton is in the dominant position in CCI,CBI and CPI treatments based on the proportion of cotton area and the PLER.[Conclusion]From the perspective of economic benefits of cotton fields,the economic benefits of the four intercropping modes are higher than that of monocropping cotton,among which the cotton-sweet potato intercropping mode has the highest economic benefit,which has certain feasibility in production.The cotton-bean intercropping mode has the highest seed cotton yield,followed by the cotton-chili intercropping mode.