家蚕1-2龄不同人工饲料育对生长发育和饲料效率的影响

Effects of Different Artificial Diets during 1st—2nd Instar on the Growth and Development and Diet Efficiency of Silkworm

本试验以优食一号蚕品种为材料,以全龄桑叶育为对照,探讨了1—2龄颗粒饲料育及1—2龄蒸煮饲料育、3—5龄桑叶育,对全龄生长发育、茧质及5龄期消化吸收和饲料效率的影响。结果表明,该品种对颗粒饲料和粉体蒸煮饲料的摄食性优良,但颗粒饲料育家蚕的发育经过比桑叶育和蒸煮饲料育延长,两种饲料育1—2龄的蚕体重均低于桑叶育,但3龄改为桑叶育之后,饲料育家蚕的生长发育加快,体重增长倍数明显高于全龄桑叶育,熟蚕体重基本达到对照区水平。小蚕饲料育的小区产茧量和全茧量与全龄桑叶育无明显差异,但茧层量略低于全龄桑叶育,茧层率则以1—2龄蒸煮饲料育最高。1—2龄饲料育试验区的5龄食下量、消化量、消化率均低于全龄桑叶育对照区,但5龄体重转化效率、蚕茧生产效率、蚕茧转化效率、茧层生产效率及茧层转化效率等各项饲料效率指标,均是小蚕饲料育试验区高于对照区,其中以1—2龄颗粒饲料育最高。本试验结果说明,小蚕饲料育提高了家蚕的代偿生长能力和饲料效率,主要是由于5龄期食下量减少,而体重转化效率显著提高所致。

The Bombyx mori variety Youshi No.1 was used in this study,and the effect of different artificial diets,i.e.,pellet feed during 1st-2nd instar,steamed and boiled feed during 1st-2nd instar,and mulberry leaf diet during 3rd-5th instar,on growth and development of the silkworm in whole stage,cocoon quality,and digestion,absorption and diet efficiency in the 5th instar was studied,with mulberry leaf diet during all instar as the control.Results showed that the variety had excellent feeding habits for pellet diet and steamed and boiled diet,but the development process of silkworm reared with pellet diet were longer than that of mulberry diet and steamed and boiled diet,and the body weights of silkworm eating pellet diet and steamed and boiled diet at 1st-2nd instar were lower than that with mulberry leaf.However,the growth and development of silkworms with feed diet were accelerated after the diet was changed into mulberry leaf from the 3rd instar,its body gain multiples were obviously higher than the silkworm with mulberry diet at all instar.The body weight of mature silkworms basically reached the level of the control.There were no significant differences in cocoon production and total cocoon yield among the three rearing modes,but the cocoon shell weight of silkworms reared with diets during young instar were slightly lower than that with mulberry leaf during whole stage,but its cocoon shell rate was higher.The ingestion,digestion,and digestibility at 5th instar of experimental groups of silkworms with feed diet at 1st-2nd instar were lower than those of the control.However,several diet efficiency indicators at 5th instar were higher in the experimental groups than in the controls,such as the body conversion efficiency,cocoon production efficiency,cocoon shell production efficiency,and cocoon shell conversion efficiency,of which silkworms with pellet diet at 1st-2nd instar was the highest.The results of this experiment indicated that young silkworms fed with artificial diet improved the compensatory growth ability and diet efficiency of silkworm,it was due to the decrease in diet intake and the significant increase in physical conversion efficiency during the 5th instar.