印尼的巴勒斯坦政策:演进、动因及挑战

Indonesia’s Palestinian Policy:Evolution,Motivation and Challenges

印度尼西亚与巴勒斯坦的关系由来已久,本文将印尼的巴勒斯坦政策演进分为两个阶段:第一阶段为印尼建国至2004年,第二阶段为2004年至今。这两个阶段内印尼的巴勒斯坦政策既有延续又有发展。第一阶段内印尼以在政治上声援巴勒斯坦为主,而第二阶段内除了政治声援之外,印尼还对巴勒斯坦进行经济援助,同时利用国际组织的力量来支持巴勒斯坦。印尼一直选择支持巴勒斯坦主要缘于三个因素,首先,印尼支持巴勒斯坦缘于传统的独立和积极的外交政策理念;其次,印尼对信奉伊斯兰教的巴勒斯坦有着独特的情感;最后,印尼国内穆斯林团体的影响。苏西洛总统上台后印尼对巴勒斯坦的支持相比之前有更深程度的发展,则缘于随着时间的推移印尼在外交政策中对伊斯兰因素更加重视。印尼的巴勒斯坦政策也面临着挑战,在巴以冲突的大背景下,印尼作为一个外围新兴角色能够为巴勒斯坦提供的支持是有限的;另外,印尼与以色列没有正式外交关系,限制了印尼在双方调解中作用的发挥。印尼国内也不时出现重新考虑与以色列关系的呼声,但这又面临国内强烈的反以情绪的挑战。

This article divides the evolution of Indonesia’s Palestinian policy into two phases:the first phase is foundation of Indonesia-2004,the second phase is from 2004 to present.In these two stages,Indonesia’s Palestine policy has both continued and developed.In the first phase,Indonesia focused on political support for Palestine.In the second phase,in addition to political support,Indonesia also provided economic assistance to Palestine and at the same time used the power of international organizations to support Palestine.Indonesia has always chosen to support Palestine mainly due to three factors.First,Indonesia’s support for Palestine stems from its traditional free and active foreign policy concept;secondly,Indonesia,as the country with the largest Muslim population,has a unique sentiment towards Islam;and finally,the influence of Indonesia domestic Muslim groups.Indonesia’s support for Palestine after President Susilo came to power has developed to a greater degree than before,which stems from Indonesia’s greater emphasis on Islamic factors in its foreign policy over time.Indonesia’s Palestine policy is also facing challenges.In the context of the Palestine-Israel conflict,Indonesia,as a peripheral emerging player,can provide limited support to Palestine.In addition,Indonesia and Israel have no formal diplomatic relations,which restricts Indonesia’s mediation between the two sides.There has been calls in Indonesia to reconsider relations with Israel,but this has come to a standstill due to the challenge of strong domestic anti-Israel sentiment.