中东事务的阿拉伯属性和埃及-土耳其的竞争关系

The Arabness of Middle East Affairs and Egypt-Türkiye Competition

作为拥有同质性的军事和经济潜力的中东大国,埃及和土耳其历来存在竞争关系。自20世纪50年代以来,埃及和土耳其的竞争关系分为四个阶段,即意识形态对立下的竞争关系、友好合作背景下的竞争关系、矛盾潜伏期的竞争关系以及公开对立阶段的竞争关系。本文认为,由于阿拉伯国家在中东地区占据了绝对的数量优势,而埃及是人口最多的阿拉伯国家,中东事务是否具有阿拉伯属性便成为埃及和作为非阿拉伯国家的土耳其竞争的焦点。在中东事务中,两国的竞争关系主要呈现在三个层面,即埃及抵制土耳其介入阿拉伯国家内部事务、埃及和土耳其关于巴以问题主导权的竞争以及阿拉伯民族主义与泛伊斯兰主义的竞争。

As two major Middle East powers with homogeneous military and economic potential,contemporary Egypt and Türkiye have a constantly competitive relationship.Since the 1950s,the competitive relationship between Egypt and Türkiye has been divided into four stages,namely,the competitive relationship under ideological adversary,the competitive relationship under the background of friendly cooperation,the competitive relationship in the incubation period of contradictions,and the competitive relationship in the open confrontation stage.This article believes that because Arab countries occupy an absolute quantitative advantage in the Middle East,and Egypt is the most populous Arab country,whether the Middle East affairs have Arab attributes has become the main focus of competition between Egypt and Türkiye,which is a non-Arab country.In the Middle East affairs,the two countries’competitive relationship around the above-mentioned focus is mainly reflected in three levels,namely,Egypt’s boycott of Türkiye’s involvement in the internal affairs of Arab countries,the competition between Egypt and Türkiye for chief mediator of the Palestinian-Israeli issue,and the conflict between Arab nationalism and pan-Islamism.