塞西政权构建中的军队经济因素

The Factors of Military Economy in the Construction of Sisi Regime

埃及军队经济起源于纳赛尔时期,随后不断发展、扩张,于穆巴拉克时期进军民用市场,同时成为军队的核心利益。从穆巴拉克时期起,军队经济对埃及政权的影响传导机制逐渐形成,能通过调节军政关系和利用自身经济行为影响政权稳定及其合法化。2011年埃及剧变后,最高军事委员会在领导两届过渡政府期间扩张了军队的经济权力,在与穆尔西政府博弈中支持塞西夺取政权。因此,塞西上任后,保护和鼓励军队经济发展,军队经济成为塞西政权构建中的重要因素。具体而言,军队企业是政府向人民供给社会福利、向军队发包大型项目的重要平台,满足了各方的经济利益,调和了政府与军队、社会的关系,巩固了塞西政权;军队企业在塞西时期重拾国有企业属性,成为国家经济改革的重要抓手和经济计划的可靠执行者,助力塞西政权通过经济发展获得合法性。

The military economy originated in the Nasser era,and then began to develop and expand so that it entered the civilian market during the Mubarak era,and became the core interest of the military.Since the Mubarak era,the influence of the military economy on the Egyptian regime has been gradually formed,which could influence the stability and legalization of the regime by adjusting the military-political relationship or through its own economic behavior.After Egyptian revolution in 2011,the Supreme Military Council expanded the economic power of the military and supported Sisi’s seizure of power.Therefore,after Sisi came to power,he protected military economic and encouraged it to expand,finally made it an important factor in the construction of Sisi’s regime.Specifically,military enterprises became an important platform for the government to provide social welfare to the people and transfer mega projects to the army,therefore,the military economy reconciles the relations between government and army and society,so that it consolidated Sisi’s regime;Military enterprises went back to the nature as state-owned enterprises during the Sisi era,and then became an important platform for the country’s economic reforms and reliable executors of economic plans,helping Sisi government to gain legitimacy through economic development;All in all,the military economy has played an positive role in the stabilization and legalization of the Sisi regime.