中小学教师减负政策实施困境及其破解路径——基于史密斯政策执行过程模型的分析

Difficulties in the Implementation of the Policy of Reducing Burden for Primary and Secondary School Teachers and Their Solutions:Based on the Smith Policy-Implementing-Process Framework

中小学教师减负政策的出台引起广泛关注,然而减负政策实施效果不容乐观。本研究以史密斯政策执行过程模型为分析框架,分析中小学教师减负政策实施过程中遭遇的困境和出现的诸多问题,旨在寻求破解之道。中小学教师减负政策实施过程中存在的主要问题包括:已有政策中教师负担标准不明确,政策执行主体模糊;执行机构利益与政策目标存在冲突;目标群体处于被动地位,减负缺乏实效性;环境因素带来教师负担内容不断变化,现有政策不足以回应减负需求。基于此,破解中小学教师减负政策实施困境应注重5个方面:开发测量工具真实反映教师负担,规范教育行政部门管理权限;将各级政府“减负职责”具体化,并将减负成效纳入地方政府绩效考核;构建政府部门间合作伙伴关系,共担减负职责;改进教师评价制度,加强专业评价,弱化行政评价;增强学校治理能力,厘清教师权利与义务。

The introduction of the policy of reducing the burden on primary and secondary school teachers has attracted widespread attention,but the implementation effect of the policy is not optimistic.This study uses the Smith Policy-Implementation-Process model as the discovery framework to analyze the difficulties and problems encountered by primary and secondary school teachers in the implementation of the burden reduction policy,with the aim of seeking solutions.The main problems in the implementation of the policy of reducing the burden on primary and secondary school teachers include:unclear burden standards in existing policies,and vague subjects in policy implementation;conflicts between the interests of the executing agency and policy objectives;a passive position of the target group and the lack of effectiveness in reducing burden;environmental factors which have brought about continuous changes in the burden on teachers,and existing policies which are insufficient to respond to the demand for burden reduction.Based on this,solving the difficulties in implementing the policy of reducing the burden on primary and secondary school teachers should start from the following aspects:developing measurement tools to truly reflect the burden on teachers,and standardizing the management authority of education administrative departments;concretizing the“burden reduction responsibilities”of governments at all levels,and incorporating the effectiveness of burden reduction into local government performance evaluations;building partnerships between government departments to share responsibilities for reducing responsibilities;improving the teacher evaluation system,strengthening professional evaluation,and weakening administrative evaluation;enhancing school governance capabilities and clarifying the rights and obligations of teachers.