中小学教师工作负担形成机制及问题——基于情感劳动理论视角

The Forming Mechanism and Problems of Primary and Secondary School Teachers Work Burden:From the Perspective of Emotional Labor Theory

教师工作是充满情感的劳动。为了实现教育目标,教师必须管理自身情绪以使表达的情感符合职业规范、社会期待和学校制度。然而,当前中小学教师承受的过重工作负担对其情感劳动造成了不良影响。具体表现在:非教学性事务过多,导致教师情感负担过重;权责关系不明,导致教师内外情感失调;社会期待过高,导致教师产生情感落差。实现减轻教师工作负担和优化教师情感劳动的双重目标,首先要减少非教学性事务,保障教师情感劳动发挥功效;其次要建立学校管理权责分明机制,实现教师内外情感和谐;最后要满足教师情感需求,提升教师的自我效能感和职业认同感。

The work of teachers involves emotional labor.In order to achieve educational goals,teachers must manage their own real feelings to express emotions that conform to professional norms,social expectations and the school system.However,the formation of the current work burden of primary and secondary school teachers has a negative impact on their emotional labor,which is reflected in the excessive non-teaching affairs which aggravate the emotional burden of teachers,the unclear relationship between power and responsibility which causes the internal and external emotional disorder of teachers,and the high expectation and low visibility of the society which cause the emotional deviation of teachers.In order to reduce the burden of teachers work and optimize the realization of teachers emotional labor,we should first reduce the non-teaching affairs and avoid the narrowing of teachers emotional labor.Secondly,the school management rights and responsibilities should be clear to achieve the emotional harmony of teachers.Finally,it is necessary to meet the emotional needs of teachers and enhance their professional identity.