教育实习中的重要他人及其对实习教师的影响机制

Significant Others in Education Practiceand Their Impact Mechanism on Student Teachers

教育实习是教师成长中的重要课程,对实习教师增强职业认同感和提高职业技能都具有深远影响。研究以重要他人为理论基础,以120名实习教师为研究样本,分析了教育实习过程中3类重要他人——指导教师、任教班级学生和实习同伴——在实习中的作用。研究发现,在实习期间,指导教师、实习同伴、任教班级学生对实习教师的影响机制不同。实习同伴、任教班级学生能促进实习教师的自我反思,进而增强实习教师的职业认同感;指导教师能直接丰富实习教师的教学知识和提高实习教师的教学技能。未来,高校可进一步完善教育实践机制,加强教育实践课程体系建设,将反思纳入教育实践考核机制中;落实“双导师”制度、“学伴”制度,加强指导教师、实习同伴和任教班级学生之间的积极互动,建构重要他人的正向影响机制;建立“高校-政府-中小学”协同发展联盟,推动优质实习基地建设,建设优质的教育生态环境。

Education practiceis an important course in the growth of student teachers,which has a profound impact on their professional identity and skills development.Based on the theory of“significant others”and taking 120 student teachers as research samples,the present studies tries to analyze the impact of three types of significant others-mentors,students in their teaching classes,and internship peers-on student teachers during the education practice.Research revealed that during internships,the influence mechanisms of mentors,internship peers,and students on student teachers are different.Internship peers and students in the teaching class can promote the self-reflection of student teachers,thereby enhancing their professional identity;mentors can directly enhance the teaching knowledge and skills of student teachers.In the future,universities can further improve the construction of educational practice mechanism and curriculum system,and incorporate reflection into the assessment mechanism of educational practice;implement the“double mentor”system and“study partner”system,strengthen the active interaction between mentors,internship peers,and students in the teaching class,and establish a positive impact mechanism of“significant others”;establish a new collaboration between universities,governments,primary and secondary schools,promote the construction of high-quality internship bases,and improve the quality educational ecological environment.