“县管校聘”政策下教师专业资本的流失与重建

The Loss and Reconstruction of Teacher's Professional Capital under the Policy of“School Employing and County Government Administrating”

“县管校聘”政策是加强教师队伍建设、盘活教师资源、促进义务教育师资合理流动的关键举措。在“县管校聘”政策的推行过程中出现了一个不容忽视的问题,即宏观政策的实施与教师个体发展之间产生了矛盾和冲突。因此,亟须用新的理论对该问题进行分析和解读。专业资本理论提出,将教师视为教育变革的领导者,使教师能够像专业人士一样进行教学,有利于教师队伍专业化水平的提高。该理论可以为“县管校聘”政策在推进过程中出现的问题提供解决的新思路。教师专业资本包括人力资本、社会资本、决策资本三个要素,人力资本聚焦个人发展,社会资本注重团队合作,决策资本关注教学活动。在“县管校聘”政策实施后,不同利益相关者的不同需求造成了教师专业资本三个要素的流失,主要体现在专业发展受到限制、人情关系疏远以及教师话语权消解等方面,这极大地阻碍了教师专业发展。“县管校聘”实施背景下教师专业资本不断流失是认识层面不深入、实施层面有漏洞、保障层面未能跟上导致的。基于此,加强宣传引导、营造和谐氛围、厘清管理权责、健全保障机制是重建教师专业资本的关键举措。

The policy of“School Employing and County Government Administrating”is a key measure tostrengthen the construction of the faculty team,invigorate the teachers and promote the rational flow of compulsory education teachers.However,there are multiple problems in the implementation of the policy,which are reflected in the contradiction and conflict between the implementation of the macro policy and the individual development of teachers.It is urgent to analyze the problem with a new theoretical entry point.The professional capital theory proposes that regarding teachers as the leaders of educational reform and enabling teachers to teach as professionals is conducive to the improvement of the professional level of teachers,whichcan provide ideas for the policy of“School Employing and County Government Administrating”.Teacher professional capital includes human capital,social capital and decision capital.Human capital focuses on individual development,social capital focuses on team cooperation,and decision capital focuses on teaching activities.After the implementation of the“School Employing and CountyGovernment Administrating”policy,different needs of stakeholders have resulted in the loss of three elements of teachers professional capital,which are mainly reflected in three aspects:restricted professional development,alienated human relations and buried discourse rights,which greatly hinders the professional development of teachers.The reason lies in the lack of in-depth understanding,loopholes at the implementation level and failure at the security level,which leads to the continuous loss of teachers professional capital under the background of the implementation of“School Employing and CountyGovernment Administrating”.Based on this,strengthening publicity and guidance,creating a harmonious atmosphere,clarifying management rights and responsibilities,and improving the guarantee mechanism are the key measures to rebuild teachers professional capital.