生态环境损害赔偿诉讼:缘何而生与应为何物——以2041份裁判文书为样本的实证研究

Compensation Litigation for Ecological Environment Damage:Why and What?——An Empirical Study on 2041 Judicial Documents

作为一项晚近适用的诉讼命题,生态环境损害赔偿诉讼因应于建立生态环境损害赔偿体系、加快推进生态文明建设的时代需要。基于生态环境损害赔偿诉讼从国家政策、法律依据、司法实践三重维度向现实样态转轨的需求强烈,而当前规范供给却严重不足的现实矛盾,运用实证研究的必要性得以证成。综合比较自然资源国家所有权理论与国家环境保护义务理论、行政法双阶理论等,其在理论渊源、理论运用等方面均具有差异性,由此使得自然资源国家所有权理论的公权与私权双重属性呈现出更为恰当的基础来源。为进一步归纳生态环境损害赔偿诉讼在实践适用中的现实样态,其应在数量统计、地域分布、种类明细以及实质内容等方面予以展现。具体言之,生态环境损害赔偿诉讼立法应被定位为系统式立法,在统一生态环境损害赔偿诉讼适用范围的基础上,拓宽诉讼主体范围,明确责任承担方式与适用规则,并在适用范围上与环境民事公益诉讼相互衔接。

As a recently applicable litigation proposition,the compensation litigation for ecological environ-ment damage should meet the needs of the times in establishing the conpensation system for ecolagical environment dange and accelerating the constnuction of ecobogical civilization.There is a gowing demand of the com-pensation litigation for eoological envinnment damage to shift from the triple dimensions of national policy,legal basis and judicial pnactice to the reality;and thereafter the empirical reearch has proved necssary because of the seniously insufficient standard supply at the present time.Comparing the theory of national owneship of nat-ural resources with the theary of national env ironme ntal protection obligation and the two-slage theory of adnin-istative law,it is found that there ane difenoes in theoretical origin and theoretical epplication,thus making the dual atributes of public rights and private righs of the theory of national owmership of natual resouroes pres-ent a more approprialte basic source.In onder to further summarize the practical application of eoological envi-ronme ntal damnage compens ation ligaion,it should be shown in the aspects d quantity satisties,geographical distribution,category details and substantive content.Speifially,the legiglation of compensation litigation for ecological env ionment damage should be positioned as a systematic legislation.On the basis of unifying the scope of application of compensation litigation for ecological emw ironmental damage,we should broaden the.scope of litigation subjects,clarifty the way of liability and applicable rules,and link up with environmental civil public interest litigation in the socope of application.