贵州省农村地区老年人口腔衰弱的流行现况及影响因素分析

Prevalence and influencing factors of oral frailty in the elderly of rural areas in Guizhou Province

目的探讨贵州省农村地区老年人口腔衰弱(OF)的流行现况及其影响因素,为促进老年人口腔健康提供参考。方法于2021年7月,采用多阶段整群抽样方法选取贵州省黔南州贵定县和贵阳市花溪区农村地区1298名老年人(≥60岁)为研究对象,对其进行问卷调查和体格检查,收集研究对象的OF流行情况。使用SPSS 25.0软件进行χ2检验,趋势检验采用趋势性χ2检验,采用多因素logistic回归分析老年人OF的影响因素。结果共1298名≥60岁老年人纳入分析,OF者580人(流行率为44.7%)。男性OF的流行率(37.7%)低于女性(49.6%),OF流行率随着年龄的增长而上升,均有统计学意义(P<0.05,P<0.01)。多因素logistic回归分析结果显示,女性(OR=1.588,95%CI:1.147~2.198)、70~79岁组(OR=1.339,95%CI:1.035~1.733)、≥80岁组(OR=1.855,95%CI:1.294~2.658)、睡眠质量较差(OR=1.352,95%CI:1.025~1.784)、患慢性病(OR=1.343,95%CI:1.058~1.704)、有抑郁症状(OR=1.453,95%CI:1.002~2.108)、社会支持水平低(OR=2.354,95%CI:1.249~4.436)、饮食以荤菜为主(OR=1.984,95%CI:1.360~2.894)、嗜咸口味(OR=1.991,95%CI:1.082~3.666)与老年人OF高风险相关(P<0.05,P<0.01)。结论贵州农村地区老年人OF的流行率较高,应重点关注女性、高龄、患慢性病、有抑郁症状、社会支持水平低、饮食以荤菜为主和嗜咸口味等特征的老年人口腔健康问题,以降低OF的流行率。

Objective To explore the prevalence and influencing factors of oral frailty(OF)in the elderly in rural areas of Guizhou Province,and provide a reference for promoting oral health in the elderly.Methods In July 2021,the multi-stage cluster random sampling method was used to select 1298 elderly(≥60 years old)from Guiding county and Huaxi district of Guizhou Province as the subjects.The investigation was performed with questionnaire and physical examination.The prevalence and related factors of OF were investigated.The used software was SPSS 25.0.Theχ2 test and trendχ2 test were used to analyze the data.The multivariate logistic regression was used to analyze the influencing factors of OF.Results The prevalence of OF in rural elderly of Guizhou was 44.7%(580 cases).The prevalence(37.7%)of OF in males was significantly lower than that(49.6%)in females,the prevalence of OF increased with age(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Multivariate analysis showed that female(OR=1.588,95%CI:1.147-2.198),70-79 years old group(OR=1.339,95%CI:1.035-1.733),≥80 years old group(OR=1.855,95%CI:1.294-2.658),poor sleep quality(OR=1.352,95%CI:1.025-1.784),chronic diseases(OR=1.343,95%CI:1.058-1.704),depressive symptoms(OR=1.453,95%CI:1.002-2.108),low level of social support(OR=2.354,95%CI:1.249-4.436),meat-based diet(OR=1.984,95%CI:1.360-2.894),and salty taste(OR=1.991,95%CI:1.082-3.666)were associated with a higher risk of OF in the elderly(P<0.05 or P<0.01).Conclusion The prevalence of OF in the elderly of rural areas of Guizhou is higher.It should pay attention to the oral health of elderly with female,old,chronic diseases,depressive symptoms,low level of social support,meat-based diet and salty taste for reducing the OF prevalence.