论新时代中小学教学改革的基本导向

The Basic Directions of Teaching Reform in Primary and Secondary Schools in the New Era

我国新时代中小学课程体系要求建立与之相适应的新型教学体系,教学改革凸显教学目标的素养导向、教学主体的学习导向、教学内容的综合导向和教学方式的实践导向。立德树人根本任务的育人要求、课程的育人价值彰显和教学目标的历史更迭催生素养导向的教学目标。教学主体以学习为导向,构建学生深度学习、教师促进学习的学习中心教学关系,奠定教学促进素养发展的逻辑基础。教学内容以综合为导向,按照素养的立场、问题的逻辑、联系的方式,基于大主题、大任务或大概念,通过大尺度内容视域、大结构意义通联、大单元教学设计等方法,将素养元素与逻辑内蕴于教学内容。教学方式以实践为导向,通过情境浸入式的教学环境、项目为载体的教学组织、活动为主线的教学过程,切实促进学生素养发展。教学改革的四大导向推动我国中小学教育教学整体转型。

The curriculum system of primary and secondary schools in the new era of China requires a new teaching system.The teaching reform highlights the competency orientation of teaching objectives,the learning orientation of teaching subjects,the comprehensive orientation of teaching content and the practical orientation of teaching methods.The fundamental task of moral cultivation,the manifestation of educational value in the curriculum and the historical change of teaching objectives give birth to the competency-oriented teaching objectives.The teaching subjects are learning-oriented,constructing a learningcentered teaching relationship in which students engage in deep learning and teachers facilitate learning,and laying the logical foundation for promoting competency development.The teaching content is comprehension-oriented.According to the perspective of competencies,the logic of problems and the way of connection,based on big themes,big tasks or big concepts,the competency elements and logic are embedded in the teaching content through methods such as broad-scope content vision,large structure meaning connection,and large unit teaching designs.The teaching method is practice-oriented,through the situational immersion teaching environment,the project as the carrier of teaching organization,and the activity as the main line of teaching process,to promote the development of students'competencies.The four orientations of teaching reform promote the overall transformation of education and teaching in primary and secondary schools in China.