我国家事审判机构设置模式选择

The Choice of Model for Family Trial Institution in China

与综合性的普通法院相比,专门的家事审判机构在解决家事纠纷方面具有显著的特色和比较优势,有必要设立专门的家事审判机构独立处理家事案件。从世界各国设立家事审判机构的实践经验来看,家事审判机构的设置存在多种模式,且构建过程存在阶段性。我国可借鉴少年审判庭的设置经验逐步推进家事审判庭的建设,从家事审判合议庭出发逐步建立三级法院内独立建制的家事法庭。待条件成熟后,从“家事审判庭”单独模式逐步走向“少年家事庭”合一模式,并在人口密集且家事案件量较大的地区设立专门的少年家事法院处理该地区的一审家事案件。

Compared with the general courts,the special family trial institution has significant characteristics and comparative advantages in solving family disputes,so it is necessary to set up a specific family trial institution to handle family cases independently.From the practical experience of establishing family trial institutions around the world,there are a variety of patterns and phased process.China can learn from the experience of setting up juvenile trial institutions to gradually facilitate the construction of the family trial institutions,starting from the family trial collegial panel to the establishment of the independent family trial tribunal in the three-level courts.When conditions are ripe,the separate model of family tribunal"should gradually be changed to the integrated model of juvenile and family tribunal",and set up juvenile and family courts to deal with the first instance family cases in densely populated areas with a large number of family cases.