淮安市诺如病毒聚集性感染病原监测分析

Norovirus cluster infection and its pathogen surveillance analysis in Huai′an City

目的了解淮安市诺如病毒聚集性感染流行病学特征,为制定诺如病毒性腹泻的防制措施提供依据。方法对“中国疾病预防控制信息系统”病毒性腹泻数据进行描述,收集2018—2020年淮安市诺如病毒聚集性感染病例标本进行监测分析。结果2018—2020年淮安市共发生诺如病毒聚集性感染16例,报告病例256例,主要发生在托幼机构、小学和初中等场所,实验室检测样本331份,核酸阳性报告112份,检出诺如病毒阳性率为33.84%,聚集性感染多发生在4月和11月,主要以诺如病毒GⅡ型为主,且存在多个型别的流行,诺如病毒GI型与GⅡ型检测阳性率差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=845.6,P<0.05)。结论诺如病毒聚集性感染易发生在幼儿园和学校等集体单位,感染型别以诺如病毒GⅡ型为主,流行趋势由GⅡ.4型向GⅡ.8型转变,应加强校园监督管理,采取病例隔离和环境消毒等综合干预措施以控制诺如病毒感染性腹泻的传播。

Objective To analyze the epidemiological characteristics of Norovirus cluster infection in Huai′an City,so as to provide scientific basis for prevention and control of Norovirus diarrhea.Methods Describe the viral diarrhea data in the Chinese Disease Prevention and Control Information System,and collect samples of Norovirus cluster infection cases in Huai′an City from 2018 to 2020 for monitoring and analysis.Results A total of 16 cases of Norovirus cluster infections occurred in Huai′an City from 2018 to 2020.There were 256 reported cases,mainly in kindergartens,elementary and junior high schools.Three hundred and thirty-one samples were tested in the laboratory,generating112 nucleic acid positive reports,and the positive rate was 33.84%.Cluster infections mostly occur in April and November,and they were mainly Norovirus type GⅡ,together with other types.There was significant difference in the positive rate between GI type and GⅡtype(χ^(2)=845.6,P<0.05).Conclusion Norovirus cluster infection usually occurs in kindergartens,schools and other collective units.The main infection type is Norovirus GⅡ,epidemic trend from GⅡ.4 to GⅡ.8.It is necessary to strengthen the supervision and management of campus,take comprehensive intervention measures such as case isolation and environmental disinfection to control the spread of Norovirus infectious diarrhea.