新疆草原生态保护补助奖励和生态修复工程效益分析

Benefit Analysis of Ecological Protection Subsidy and Reward Policy and the Ecological Restoration Project in Xinjiang Grassland

【目的】新疆天然草原面积辽阔,资源丰富,近年来,由于受到自然因素和人为因素的影响,草地发生严重退化,过去十年,新疆落实了第一轮、第二轮草原生态保护补助奖励政策,2021年继续落实第三轮草原生态保护补助奖励政策。【方法】本文从草原生态保护补助奖励和草原生态恢复工程实施效果入手,通过比较第一轮(2011-2015年)、第二轮(2016-2020年)和第三轮(2021-2025年)2021年和2022年禁牧区和草畜平衡区植被盖度和鲜草产量的不同变化趋势,以及比较2021年和2022年草原生态修复工程实施后植被盖度和产量的变化规律,评价分析草原生态保护补助奖励政策和草原生态修复工程的社会效益、经济效益和生态效益。【结果】草原群落盖度和植被鲜草产量整体上均有不同程度的增加,草原生态环境逐步改善,草原退化速度明显降低,草原生态逐渐恢复,持续恶化势头得到有效遏制,新疆草原生态保护及修复取得显著成效。【结论】实施草原生态保护补助奖励政策和草原生态恢复工程等草原重点生态保护性项目工程是利民惠民之举,有必要继续实施。

【Objective】The natural grasslands in Xinjiang cover a vast area with rich resources.In recent years,due to the impact of natural and human factors,grasslands have been seriously degraded.In the past decade,Xinjiang had implemented the first and second round of policy for subsidy and reward of grassland ecological protection,and continued to implement the third round policy in 2021.【Methods】Starting with the implementation effects of grassland ecological protection subsidy and reward as well as the grassland ecological restoration project,the change trends of vegetation coverage and fresh grass yield in periods of the first round(2011-2015),second round(2016-2020)and third round(2021-2025)in the grazing prohibition zone and grazing and livestock balance zone in 2021 and 2022 were compared.Then the change rules of vegetation coverage and yield after the implementation of grassland ecological restoration project in 2021 and 2022 were also compared,and the social,economic and ecological benefits of subsidy and reward policy and grassland ecological restoration project were evaluated and analyzed.【Results】Through comprehensive analysis,it could be concluded that the grassland community coverage and vegetation fresh grass yield had increased to various degrees on the whole,the grassland ecological environment had gradually been improved,and the degradation significantly decreased,the ecological recovery had been continuing,the trend of continuous deterioration was effectively checked,and remarkable results were achieved in grassland ecological protection and restoration in Xinjiang.【Conclusion】The implementation of grassland ecological protection subsidy and reward policy as well as such key project as the grassland ecological restoration project was for the benefit of the people and needed to be continued.