受训免疫对结核疫苗设计与研发的启示

The implication of trained immunity on tuberculosis vaccine design and development

固有免疫细胞具有类似于适应性免疫细胞的免疫记忆性特征,称之为受训免疫或训练免疫(trained immunity)。越来越多的研究表明,受训免疫有助于机体抑制甚至清除外来致病性病原体感染,包括结核分枝杆菌(Mycobacterium tuberculosis,M.tuberculosis)。传统结核疫苗设计策略主要是诱导结核特异性的适应性免疫反应,以卡介苗(Bacille Calmette-Guérin, BCG)为代表的受训免疫概念的提出为结核疫苗的设计和研发提供了新的策略。文章总结了受训免疫在M.tuberculosis感染过程中的作用以及靶向诱导受训免疫作为新型抗结核疫苗研发策略的可能性及挑战。

Trained immunity refers to the immunological memory exhibited by innate immune cells,which is similar to that of adaptive immune cells.Increasing evidences indicate that trained immunity contributes to the inhibition and even elimination of infections caused by foreign pathogens,including Mycobacterium tuberculosis(M.tuberculosis).Traditional tuberculosis vaccine design focuses on the induction of tuberculosis-specific adaptive immunity.Among them,the emerging concept represented by Bacille Calmette-Guérin(BCG)-induced trained immunity provides new strategies for the design and development of tuberculosis vaccines.This review summarizes the role of trained immunity in M.tuberculosis infection as well as the possibilities and challenges of targeting trained immunity in future tuberculosis vaccine design.