扬弃与融合——西北考古视阈下20世纪前期碑帖观寻绎

Sublation and Integration:A Study on the View of Bei-Tie in the Early 20th Century from the Perspective of Northwest China's Archaeological Work

西北考古所获新材料数量巨大,主要包括汉晋简牍、楼兰残纸、敦煌写经及高昌墓砖等,是近代书法研究的巨大财富。本文以19世纪末至20世纪30年代的西北考古新材料为切入点,通过对清代“碑学”理论以来碑帖关系的整理,及对沈曾植、沙孟海、启功等人代表性书学理论的分析,旨在聚焦20世纪前期碑帖观念之转变,揭示以新出土材料为基础不断贴近中国书法史真相的进程。虽然,20世纪前期的书法新秩序并未健全,但却承载了从崇碑抑帖到碑帖互证、从刀笔之辨到回归墨迹的碑帖观转型,为20世纪后期书坛从碑帖融合到碑帖一贯开启先声。

The new materials obtained from the archaeological work in Northwest China are enormous,mainly including Han and Jin bamboo and wooden slips,remnants of Loulan paper,Dunhuang scriptures and Gaochang tomb bricks.They are a great asset for modern calligraphy research.This article takes the new materials from the Northwest China's archaeological work between the late 19th century and the 1930s as the starting point.Through the collation of the relationship between Bei(stone tablets with inscriptions and the rubbings)and Tie(calligraphers'hand-writing manuscripts and rubbings of their stone carvings)since the theory of Bei emerged in the Qing dynasty and the analysis of the representative calligraphy theories of Shen Zengzhi,Sha Menghai and Qi Gong,this article focuses on the transformation of the concept of Bei and Tie in the early 2oth century,and reveals the process of approaching the truth of Chinese calligraphy history based on newly excavated materials.Although Chinese calligraphy has not established new order yet in the early 20th century,it carries the transformation of the Bei-Tie concept from"admiring Bei and restraining Tie"to examining both,and from"identifying strokes of knives and brushes"to"returning to handwriting",and furthermore leads to the integration of Bei and Tie in the late 20th century's calligraphy.