通窍活血汤治疗血管性痴呆的现代药理学研究进展

A review on the modern pharmacology of the Tongqiao Huoxue decoction in the treatment of vascular dementia

血管性痴呆(Vascular Dementia,VaD)是卒中后的常见表现之一,该病是由脑血管疾病造成脑损伤导致的获得性智力损害,属于血管性认知障碍的一种,是血管性认知障碍最严重的形式,VaD导致的痴呆仅仅位于阿尔兹海默病之后。VaD严重影响患者的生存时间及其个人与家庭的生活质量,也给社会带来严重的医疗负担,严重影响社会经济发展。目前西医对VaD的病因尚未明确,暂无行之有效的药物,此时,中医学体现出一定优势。由于中医治疗疾病具有整体观念及多脏腑同调等特点,针对同病异证,对每个患者提供个性化且又有效的治疗,在疾病治疗过程中发挥无可替代的作用,故中医药治疗VaD成效卓著。中医药治疗疾病是由其药物中不同成分而发挥多方面、多靶点的作用,但目前尚未十分明确中草药如何发挥治疗作用VaD,因此中草药治疗VaD的作用机制逐渐成为目前的研究热点之一。现代药理学研究有关生物机体与化学物质治疗疾病之间的相互作用、规律和原理,寻找中药有效成分及与治疗疾病的对应靶点。文章针对通窍活血汤方中单味药及复方的现代药理学特性进行梳理与总结,探讨其作用机制,明确其治疗VaD的治疗作用机制,为通窍活血汤治疗VaD的作用机制提供必要的理论基础。

Vascular dementia(VaD),an acquired mental impairment caused by brain damage caused by cerebrovascular diseases,is one of the common manifestations after stroke.It is a type of vascular cognitive impairment(VCI),and it is the most severe form of VCI,causing dementia only after Alzheimer’s disease.VaD seriously affects the survival time of patients and the quality of life of individuals and families.It also brings serious medical burden to the society and seriously affects social and economic development.At present,the etiology of VaD is not clear in Western medicine,and there is no effective drug.At this time,traditional Chinese medicine can reflect certain advantages.Due to the characteristics of TCM in the treatment of diseases,such as holistic concept and harmonization of multiple viscera,it provides individualized and effective treatment for each patient according to the same disease and different syndrome,and plays an irreplaceable role in the treatment of diseases.Therefore,TCM is relatively effective in the treatment of VaD.Traditional Chinese medicine plays a multi-faceted and multi-target role in the treatment of diseases due to different components in its drugs.However,it is not clear how TCM medicine plays a role in the treatment of VaD.Therefore,the mechanism of action of TCM medicine in the treatment of VaD has gradually become one of the research hotspots at present.Modern pharmacology is the study of the interaction,rules and principles between biological organism and chemical substances in the treatment of diseases,and the search for the effective components of TCM medicine and corresponding targets in the treatment of diseases.In the paper,the pharmacological characteristics of the Tongqiao Huoxue decoction(通窍活血汤)and its compound are summarized,and its mechanism of action is discussed,and the therapeutic mechanism of the Tongqiao Huoxue decoction on VaD is clarified,to provide the necessary theoretical basis for the mechanism of the Tongqiao Huoxue decoction in treating VaD.