miRNAs在心肌缺血再灌注损伤细胞凋亡中作用的研究进展

Research Progress on the Role of miRNAs in Apoptosis of Myocardial Ischemia-Reperfusion Injured Cells

心血管疾病(cardiovascular diseases,CVD)是引起人类死亡的首要疾病,缺血性心脏病(ischemic heart disease,IHD)是CVD中引起患者死亡的主要病症之一。目前对于IHD的首要治疗方式为开通血管、恢复血流,而由此出现的心肌缺血-再灌注损伤(myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,MI/RI)严重困扰着疾病的治疗效果。迄今为止,临床上尚无预防MI/RI的有效策略。细胞凋亡是MI/RI的重要病理生理机制,如能减轻MI/RI后细胞凋亡则可能很大程度上缓解缺血再灌注为患者带来的损伤。MicroRNAs(miRNAs/miRs)是一类短链非编码RNA,通过与mRNA的3′-UTR结合,诱导靶基因沉默,发挥其生物学作用。研究发现miRNAs与包括CVD在内的众多人类疾病相关,也参与调控MI/RI后细胞凋亡,如能进一步明确其调控机制,则可能为MI/RI的预防和治疗带来新的契机。本研究从miRNAs的简介、MI/RI和心肌细胞凋亡以及miRNAs在MI/RI细胞凋亡中的调控作用、miRNAs对MI/RI的潜在治疗等方面进行综述,以期为MI/RI的治疗提供参考借鉴。

Cardiovascular diseases(CVD)are the leading cause of death worldwide.Ischemic heart disease(IHD)is one of the main causes of death in CVD patients.Revascularization and blood flow restoration are the primary treatments for IHD,but the subsequent myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury(MI/RI)substantially hampers the effectiveness of these treatments.There is currently no effective method for preventing MI/RI in clinical practice.After MI/RI,apoptosis is a crucial pathophysiological process.The damage brought on by ischemia/reperfusion may be greatly reduced if apoptosis can be reduced following MI/RI.MicroRNAs(miRNAs/miRs)are a class of short non-coding RNAs that bind to the 3′-UTR of mRNA to induce target gene silencing and play their biological roles.Researches have found that miRNAs are related to many human diseases,including CVD,and also participate in the regulation of cardiomyocyte apoptosis after MI/RI.If the regulatory mechanism can be further clarified,it may bring a new opportunity for the prevention and treatment of MI/RI.This study reviewed from the aspects of the introduction of miRNAs,MI/RI and cardiomyocyte apoptosis,the regulation of miRNAs in MI/RI apoptosis,and the potential treatment of miRNAs for myocardial ischemia-reperfusion injury,in order to provide reference for the treatment of MI/RI.