权力意志批判——尼采政治思想评析

A Critical Commentary of Nietzsche's Political Thoughts Based on the“Will to Power”

遏制还是张扬人的动物本能,是政治思想史的一个重要分水岭,尼采是现代世界中张扬人的兽性本能的主要思想家。作为尼采政治哲学的核心概念,“权力意志”既是其想象中的“超人”的本质要素,也成为他重估人类价值的基本标准。尼采公然主张人类是野兽、民众是“群畜”、道德是骗术、民主是劣治、平等是谎言、历史无正义、强权即公理、不要工作要斗争、不要和平要战争。尼采政治思想的实质,是企图借“权力意志”,彻底摧毁基于民主、自由、平等、博爱等之上的现代政治价值。从世界历史的经验教训来看,那些为人的邪恶本能和专制独裁进行辩护的理论最终必然在实践中破产。虽然如此,尼采“权力意志”的梦魔仍会迷蒙不少人的眼睛。一旦统治者着了“权力意志”的梦魔,那就将给人类带来难以估量的灾难,对此世人仍须有高度的警惕。

It is an important watershed in the history of political thought whether to restrain or express man's animal instincts.Nietzsche is considered the main philosopher who celebrated the animal instincts in humans in modern world.The“Will to Power”is a central concept in his political philosophy and serves as both the essential element of his imagined“superman”and the basic standard for transvaluing human value.Nietzsche openly advocated for human beings being beasts,the masses being“herds,”morality being a trick,democracy being bad governance,equality being a lie,history having no justice,“might making right”,struggle instead of work,and war instead of peace.The essence of Nietzsche's political thought is to completely destroy the modern political values based on democracy,freedom,equality,and universal love through the“Will to Power.”The theories that defend human evil instincts and autocracy eventually fail in practice as seen from the lessons of world history.Nevertheless,the nightmare of Nietzsche's“Will to Power”still fascinates many people.Once the ruler falls under the spell of the“Will to Power,”it will bring immense disasters to humanity,and the world still needs to be highly vigilant.