流动的祖先:韩江上游合姓祠堂与流域贸易

Floating Ancestors:Multi⁃Lineage Ancestral Halls and Basin Trade in the Upper Han River

韩江流域上游存在着密集分布于贸易通道上、祭祀两个及以上不同姓氏祖先的合姓祠堂现象,揭示了明清时期当地人如何通过再造祖先来建立地缘和血缘共同体的文化实践逻辑。从居屋中的家神祖先到祠堂中的宗族祖先,“祖先”文化意义的流动体现了流域贸易、山地开发、国家进入三者紧密联系的历史过程。通过联结贸易网络的“流动的祖先”,可以理解明清时期这一地域经济、政治与文化秩序的整体性社会转型,以及当地人在流域贸易发展的不同阶段消除族群文化区隔、以聚合上下游资源为动力的地方秩序建构。以祖先源流为文化资源的流域贸易与国家正统的联结,形塑了当地人源自中原汉人移民的“客家”自我文化认同,奠定了后来这一区域具有强烈国家文化认同的客家族群之基础。

The phenomenon of multi⁃lineage ancestral halls where two or more different lineage groups worship their ancestors together densely distributed on the trade channels in the upper Han River reveals the cultural practice logic of how the local people build a community of geography and blood by remarking ancestors.From family gods in the house to the common ancestors in the lineage ancestral hall,the flow of cultural meaning of“ancestors”reflects the historical process of closely linking basin trade,mountain development,and country orthodoxy.Through the flow of ancestors to build the trade network,regional economic,political and cultural order underwent a holistic social transformation during the Ming and Qing dynasties while the local people eliminated ethnic cultural divisions at different stages of basin trade development and constructed social order driven by the aggregation of upstream and downstream resources.