早期近代美洲金银产量及其流向研究述评

A Survey on the Studies of Yield and Flow of Gold and Silver in Early Modern America

举世公认,美洲所产金银是早期近代世界贸易体系、资本主义全球经济形成的催化剂和润滑剂,但是,围绕美洲金银产量、流向的学术争论从未停止。在梳理学术界对美洲金银产量估算的基础上,需要区分金银的直接流向和间接流向,分析它们对世界各地的不同影响。由于非法开采、走私贸易等,所以仅仅依靠不完整的官方记录,学者们不仅难以精确估算美洲金银的产量,也无法精确描述美洲金银的流向。

It is well known that America's gold and silver are the catalyst and lubricant of the early modern world trade system and global capitalist economy,but the academic debates over the yield and flow of America's gold and silver is ceaseless.By assorting of the different calculation of the production,this essay distinguishes the direct flows and indirect flows of gold and silver,and analyzes their impacts around the world.Due to the illegal exploiting and smuggling,based only on the imperfect official records,it is difficult for scholars to calculate accurately the yield and flows of America's gold and silver.