面向联合作战的美国空军任务式指挥模式探析

Analysis of Mission-Based Command of the U.S.Air Force for Joint Operations

2021年4月,美国空军柯蒂斯·李梅条令制定和教育中心正式发布《空军条令出版物1:空军》(AFDP-1)(2021年3月10日版),完成对空军基本条令卷1和卷2的重大更新,该条令作为美国空军的最基本条令,将在未来很长一段时间内指导美国空军的作战行动。在此次更新的AFDP-1条令中明确提出,要将任务式指挥作为空中力量指挥控制的基本理念,通过“集中指挥、分布式控制和分散执行”的作战控制方式,取代传统上以“集中控制和分散执行”为核心的空中力量运用原则,从而在最大程度上支撑未来美军作战概念、体系架构和装备形态的持续演进,为在大国竞争和强敌对抗背景下获取优势奠定基础。针对此次美国空军基础作战条令的显著变革,将从改革背景与改革动因、任务式指挥基本原则、任务式指挥实现方式,以及任务式指挥与集中式指挥间关系等方面展开深入剖析,深入洞察美军此次变革背后的深层次内涵,并总结此次变革带来的启示和意义,为后续制定应对措施和规划发展路线提供参考借鉴。

In April 2021,the U.S.Air Force Doctrine Development and Education Center officially released“Air Force Doctrine Publication 1:The Air Force”(AFDP-1)(March 10,2021 Edition),completing a major update to the Air Force Basic Doctrine Volumes 1 and 2,which serve as the most fundamental doctrine of the U.S.Air Force and will guide the combat operation for a long time.In the updated AFDP-1 doctrine,it is clearly stated that the mission-based command should be regarded as the basic concept of the air force command and control,and the traditional principle of"centralized control and decentralized execution"should be replaced by"centralized command,distributed control and decentralized execution",in order to accommodate the continuous evolution of operational concept,system architecture and equipment form,and lay the foundation for gaining advantages in major power competition and strong enemy confrontation.In view of such significant changes in the fundamental doctrine,this paper will conduct an in-depth analysis from the aspects of background and motivations,principles and implementation of mission-based command,and its relationship with traditional command paradigm,and gain the insight into the connotation behind such transformation.This paper summarizes the enlightenment and significance brought by this change,which will provide a reference for the future development planning.