基层治理转型的中国经验逻辑:基于委托代理的理论视角

The Empirical Logic of Grassroots Governance Transformation in China:Based on the Theoretical Perspective of Principal Agent

中国基层治理中的委托代理关系存在历史特殊性、情境复杂性和经验多元性,其历史演变逻辑表现为晚清民国时期的“第三领域”、集权简约治理与内生经纪型的治理逻辑,集体化时期的全能主义政治、总体性支配与“社会中的国家”的治理逻辑以及改革开放以来政府主导下的多元治理、党建引领与耦合互动的治理逻辑。在委托代理关系中,存在行政吸纳—依附式委托代理关系、项目—嵌入式委托代理关系、多层级—多重委托代理关系以及多层次—情境嵌入性委托代理关系四种理想类型,中国基层社会治理中的委托代理行为存在逆向选择和道德风险困境。

The principal-agent relationship in grassroots governance in China has historical specificity,situational complexity,and experiential diversity.Its historical evolution logic is manifested in the“third field”since the late Qing and Republic of China periods,the centralized and simplified governance and endogenous brokerage governance logic,the totalitarian politics during the collectivization period,the governance logic of overall governance and“state in society”,and the diversified governance led by the government since the reform and opening up,The governance logic of party building guidance and coupling interaction.In the principal-agent relationship,there are four ideal types:administrative absorption attachment principal-agent relationship,project embedded principal-agent relationship,multi-level multiple principal-agent relationship,and multi-level situational embedded principal-agent relationship.The principal-agent behavior in China's grass-roots social governance has Adverse selection and Moral hazard dilemma.