摘要
2014年,印度人民党(以下简称"印人党")在大选中赢得人民院过半席位,印人党人莫迪出任总理.2019年,印人党进一步巩固了在印度政坛的支配地位,基本重现印度建国之初国大党"一党独大"的态势,莫迪也一跃成为公认的强人总理.但是,正式制度层面的强势似乎并不足以完全确保印人党有效推行政纲.2019年底至2021年底,印度先后爆发反《公民身份法》修正案和反农业法改革的全国性抗议,尽管莫迪政府以新冠防控之名成功强制清场前者,但面对后者最终无奈让步,撤回了三项立法.
The blending of both Western and indigenous.communal political idioms leads to difficulty in empathizing with modern Indian politics for the Chinese observers.This paperargues that the antagonistic yet symbiotic relationship between state and society,instead of prominent individuals,political parties,or particular social movements shaped an evolutionary approach and the"power ceiling"of party politics in India.In the past two centuries,the state-society structure in India succeeded in preventing both the radicai reorganization of society and the overall reconstruction of the colonial state apparatus.Both the Indian National Congress and the Bharatiya Janata Party successfully adapted themselves to this structure in colonialand post-colonial India respectively,thus,realizing the gradual and peacefulevolution of the state.As the internalization of turbulent social forces via party politics evolved and strengthened the state,the path dependence also created a ceiling of the political power of thegovernment,which is still restricting the scope of anoverall reform inthenearfuture.
