地质透明化工作面内多种异常体的槽波解释方法研究

Research on the interpretation method of channel waves for various abnormal bodies in geologically transparent working faces

矿井地质透明化是当前煤矿安全高效开采的新要求,针对复杂地质条件的工作面,槽波探测技术作为常用的物探手段之一,若工作面存在多种地质异常体,其属性无法进行准确的分辨与解释。以山西阳泉某工作面为例,对包含断层、陷落柱、薄煤带、挠曲4种地质异常体的工作面进行了三维波场模拟,分别从数值模型的单炮特征、频谱特征、频散特征进行分析;结合数值模型的纵波振幅与速度、横波振幅与速度、高频槽波振幅与速度以及低频槽波振幅与速度8种类型的CT反演成像,研究了断层、陷落柱、薄煤带、挠曲4种地质异常体在槽波属性上的不同响应特征。结果表明:①断层引起槽波异常的主频及速度与无地质异常的煤层基本一致,横波、高频、低频槽波振幅可以显著识别断层,横波、高频、低频槽波速度可以较显著的识别断层,纵波振幅与纵波速度无法有效识别断层;②陷落柱的单炮特征表现为低阶减弱、高阶增强,横波、高频、低频槽波振幅可以显著识别陷落柱,横波、高频槽波速度可以较显著的识别陷落柱,纵波振幅、纵波速度与低频槽波速度无法有效识别陷落柱;③薄煤带主频基本不变,速度降低,高频槽波振幅与速度、低频槽波振幅与速度可以显著识别薄煤带,纵波速度与横波振幅可以较显著的识别薄煤带,纵波振幅与横波速度无法有效识别薄煤带;④挠曲的频谱中振幅增强,高频槽波振幅与低频槽波振幅可以较显著识别挠曲,其他槽波属性对挠曲的识别均不明显。根据不同地质异常体在单炮、频散、频谱、波场CT成像上的响应特征,实现了槽波异常的地质识别,准确解释了各种地质异常体的形态、位置及大小,为地质透明化工作面的建立奠定了“物质”基础。

The transparency of mine geology is a new requirement for safe and efficient mining of coal mines.For working faces with complex geological conditions,channel wave detection technology is one of the commonly used geophysical prospecting methods.If there are multiple geological anomalies on the working face,its attributes cannot be accurately determined.Distinguish and explain.Taking a working face in Yangquan,Shanxi as an example,a three-dimensional wave field simulation was carried out on a working face including faults,collapsed columns,thin coal belts,and deflection.Analysis of dispersion characteristics;combined with the numerical model of the longitudinal wave amplitude and velocity,shear wave amplitude and velocity,high-frequency groove wave amplitude and velocity,and low-frequency groove wave amplitude and velocity 8 types of CT inversion imaging,the fault,collapse column,thin different response characteristics of four geological anomalies,coal belt and flexure,on channel wave attributes.The results show that:①The main frequency and velocity of the channe wave anomaly caused by the fault is basically the same as that of the coal seam without geological anomaly.The amplitude of shear wave,high frequency and low frequency channe wave can significantly identify the fault,and the speed of shear wave,high frequency channe wave and low frequency channe wave can be compared.Significantly identify faults,the longitudinal wave amplitude and longitudinal wave velocity cannot effectively identify the fault;②The single shot characteristics of the collapsed column are characterized by low-order weakening and high-order enhancement.The amplitude of shear wave,high frequency,and low frequency channe wave can significantly identify the collapsed column,shear wave,and high frequency.The frequency slot wave velocity can identify the collapse column more significantly,while the longitudinal wave amplitude,longitudinal wave velocity and low frequency slot wave velocity cannot effectively identify the collapse column;③The main frequency of the thin coal belt is basically unchanged,the speed is reduced,the high frequency slot wave amplitude and velocity,low frequency The amplitude and velocity of the channe wave can distinguish thin coal belts,the amplitude of longitudinal wave and transverse wave can distinguish thin coal belts significantly,and the amplitude of longitudinal wave and transverse wave cannot effectively identify thin coal belts;④The amplitude of the deflection spectrum is enhanced,and the high frequency channe The wave amplitude and the low-frequency groove wave amplitude can distinguish the deflection more significantly,and the other properties of the groove wave are not obvious in the recognition of the deflection.According to the response characteristics of different geological anomalies on single shot,frequency dispersion,frequency spectrum and wavefield CT imaging,the geological recognition of channe wave anomalies is realized,and the shape,location and size of various geological anomalies are accurately explained,which is geologically transparent.The establishment of the chemical working face laid the“material”foundation.