南水北调西线工程水源区生态需水研究

Study on ecological water demand in water source area of West Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project

可调水量一直是南水北调西线工程争论的焦点,水源区生态需水是合理确定西线工程可调水量的重要依据。分析了南水北调西线工程水源区的生态环境特征、主要生态环境保护对象,并针对西线工程水源区生态需水研究现状及存在问题提出了需要重点研究的关键科学问题:生态需水应统筹考虑川陕哲罗鲑等关键物种、河岸植被等优势群落、干旱河谷等典型生态系统,深入研究高寒脆弱区关键保护对象对水文过程的响应规律,以及协调节点-河段-河流廊道多尺度、物种-生境-生态系统多目标的生态流量需求核算。此外,提出了“识别特殊需求-建立响应关系-统筹核算水量”的生态需水研究思路,以及节约用水、科学研究、关键技术等方面的区域生态环境保护工作建议。

Proper diverted water volume has always been the focus of the West Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project in China.Ecological water demand of water source area is an important basis and technical support for determining the proper water volume of the West Route project.We analyzed the ecological environment characteristics and the main environmental protection objects in the water source area of the West Route of South-to-North Water Diversion Project.Aiming at the research progress and problems in water demand in water source area of the West Route,we proposed that the ecological water demand should take into account key species such as Hucho bleekeri,dominant communities such as riparian vegetation,and typical ecosystems such as arid river valleys.It was necessary to thoroughly study the response law of key protection objects to hydrological processes in the alpine fragile area,and coordinate ecological protection needs from the perspective of multi-scale of node-river-river corridor and multi-objective of species-habitat-ecosystem.Moreover,we proposed an research idea of ecological water demand in this area as‘identifying special requirements-establishing response relationship-overall accounting of water requirement and put forward suggestions for regional ecological environment protection from aspects of water conservation,scientific research and key technologies.