水足迹视角下江苏省泰州市水资源利用评价

Evaluation of water resources utilization in Taizhou City,Jiangsu Province from perspective of water footprint

在经济快速发展和城镇化率不断提高的同时,城市水资源污染及短缺的现象也日趋严重,因此研究城市水资源利用与经济增长之间的关系显得至关重要。基于水足迹计算模型分析了江苏省泰州市2013~2020年水资源真实占用量及水足迹结构,并结合水资源利用评价指标和经济脱钩理论研究了水资源生态安全状况及水资源利用与经济增长之间的关系。结果显示:①泰州市农业虚拟水量(即农业水足迹)中,粮食作物虚拟水含量大、经济作物虚拟水含量较小,所选取的10种农作物虚拟水含量变化趋势不一;畜牧产品中猪肉、禽肉、禽蛋及淡水产品虚拟水含量高,牛羊肉、奶制品虚拟水含量低。②泰州市水足迹总体呈现下降趋势;人均水足迹明显高于全国水平;水足迹构成差异明显,农业水足迹最多,生活、工业、生态和贸易水足迹依次减小。③从评价指标得出,泰州市水资源匮乏指数、压力指数偏高,面临较为严峻的水资源短缺危机,水资源利用处于弱可持续发展的状态。④水资源利用与经济增长的状态在2013~2015为相对脱钩优质协调发展,2016~2018为强脱钩优质协调发展,2019年为未脱钩不协调发展,2020年为强脱钩优质协调发展。研究成果可以为泰州市水资源利用与发展提供参考。

With the rapid development of economy and increasing urbanization rate,the phenomenon of water resources pollution and shortage in the city is becoming more and more serious.Therefore,it is important to study the relationship between urban water resources utilization and economic growth.Based on the water footprint calculation model,this paper analyzed the actual water resources occupation and water footprint structure of Taizhou City from 2013 to 2020,and studied the ecological security of water resources and the relationship between water resources utilization and economic growth based on the evaluation index of water resources utilization and economic decoupling theory.The results showed that①Among the agricultural virtual water volume of Taizhou City,the virtual water content of food crops was large and that of cash crops was small,and the virtual water content of the selected ten crops had different trends.In livestock products,the virtual water content of pork,poultry meat,poultry eggs and fresh water products is high,while the virtual water content of beef,mutton and dairy products is low.②The water footprint of Taizhou City showed a downward trend.The per capita water footprint is significantly higher than the national level.The composition of water footprints is significantly different,with agriculture having the largest water footprint,and domestic,industrial,ecological and trade water footprints decreasing in turn.③From the evaluation indicators,it was concluded that Taizhou had a high water shortage index and pressure index,faced a relatively severe water shortage crisis,and water resources utilization was in a state of weak sustainable development.④The state of water resources utilization and economic growth was relatively decouple-quality coordinated development in 2013~2015,strongly decouple-quality coordinated development in 2016~2018,undecouple-uncoordinated development in 2019,and strongly decouple-quality coordinated development in 2020.The research results can provide a reference for the utilization and development of water resources in Taizhou City.