紫苏提取物的挥发性成分及抑菌活性研究

Study on Volatile Components and Antibacterial Activity of Perilla Frutescens Extract

紫苏为我国药食同源植物及重要芳香经济作物,利用潜力巨大。为研究紫苏提取物的挥发性成分及抑菌活性,本研究以新鲜紫苏不同植物学部位(叶、籽)为原料,采用不同极性的溶剂浸提浓缩制备得到提取物,用气相色谱-质谱联用方法(GC-MS)分析各组分的挥发性成分,使用滤纸片琼脂扩散法和二倍微量稀释法评估不同提取物的抑菌效果。结果表明:紫苏各提取组分中共鉴定出55种化合物,紫苏叶无水乙醇提取物32种、正丁醇提取物20种、乙酸乙酯提取物29种、石油醚提取物19种,紫苏籽无水乙醇提取物11种、乙酸乙酯提取物7种;紫苏叶无水乙醇提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌表现出较强抑菌效果,MIC 16 mg/mL,MBC 16 mg/mL;紫苏叶乙酸乙酯提取物对金黄色葡萄球菌具有中等强度的抑菌效果,MIC 64 mg/mL,MBC 128 mg/mL,对大肠杆菌有较弱的抑菌效果,MIC 256 mg/mL,MBC 256 mg/mL,其余提取物组分具有不同程度的抑菌效果。因此,紫苏不同的植物学部位及提取溶剂极性不同,获得提取物的挥发性成分数量、相对含量及种类均存在差异,各提取组分对革兰氏阳性菌和阴性菌表现出不同程度的抑菌作用。该研究旨在对芳香植物紫苏的进一步研究、开发利用提供依据。

Perilla frutescens is an important"medicinal and edible homologous"plant and an important aromatic cash crop in China.It has great potential for utilization.The volatile components and antibacterial activities of its extracts were studied.In this study,different botanical parts(leaves and seeds)of fresh Perilla frutescens were used as raw materials,and the extracts were prepared by solvent extraction with different polarity and concentration,The volatile components of each component were analyzed by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry(GC-MS).The bacteriostatic effects of different extracts were evaluated by filter paper agar diffusion method and double microdilution method.The results showed that 55 compounds were identified from the extracted components of Perilla frutescens,including 32 kinds of absolute ethanol extract,20 kinds of n-butanol extract,29 kinds of ethyl acetate extract,19 kinds of petroleum ether extract from perilla leaves;11 kinds of absolute ethanol extract and 7 kinds of ethyl acetate extract from perilla seeds;The absolute ethanol extract of perilla leaves showed strong antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus,MIC 16 mg/mL,MBC 16 mg/mL;The ethyl acetate extract of perilla leaves had moderate antibacterial effect on Staphylococcus aureus,MIC 64 mg/mL,MBC 128 mg/ml,and weak antibacterial effect on Escherichia coli,MIC 256 mg/mL,MBC 256 mg/mL;The other extract components have different degrees of antibacterial effects.The above results show that different botanical parts of Perilla frutescens and the polarity of extraction solvent are different,and the quantity,relative content and types of volatile components obtained from the extracts are different.Each component shows different degrees of antibacterial effect on Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria.This study aims to provide basis for further research,development and utilization of the aromatic plant Perilla frutescens.