贵州省串核桃雌花芽分化期生理特性变化

Changes of Physiological Characteristics during Female Flower Bud Differentiation of Walnut in Guizhou Province

本研究通过测定串核桃雌花芽分化过程中抗氧化酶、可溶性蛋白、糖和淀粉等营养物质,揭示其花芽分化过程中生理特性的变化规律,为串核桃花芽分化时期营养调控提供科学依据。结果表明,串核桃雌花芽分化进程中POD活性自4月中旬穗状花序原基开始分化时逐渐增强,5月中旬花柄和雌花原基开始分化时,POD活性达到最大值,在7月中旬苞片和花被分化期有所下降,随着气温下降,POD活性迅速降低,第2年气温回升时POD活性又有所上升。SOD活性在整个花芽分化时期处于一个较为稳定的状态,对花芽分化的影响不明显。可溶性淀粉含量在进入休眠时达积累最大值,随着气温逐渐下降,早春淀粉又重新积累,在4月底至5月初出现一个积累小高峰之后,于7月份又不断下降。可溶性糖含量在4月中下旬逐渐降低,5月中下旬开始上升,此高含量的状况一直持续到7月中下旬,在此阶段中雌花芽进行了一系列的花芽分化。

In this study,the changes of antioxidant enzymes,soluble protein,sugar content,starch and other nutrients in the process of female flower bud differentiation of Chuanwalnut were measured to reveal the changes of physiological characteristics in the process of flower bud differentiation.It provides a research basis for exploring the regulation of flowering stage of Chuanwalnut in production.The results showed that the POD activity in the process of female flower bud differentiation of Walnut increased gradually since the spike primordium began to differentiate in the middle of April.When the flower stalk and female flower primordium began to differentiate in the middle of May,the POD activity reached the maximum value.In the middle of July,the bud and perianth differentiation period decreased.With the decrease of air temperature,the POD activity rapidly decreased,and the POD activity increased when the temperature rose in the next year.SOD activity was in a relatively stable state during the whole flower bud differentiation period,and had no obvious effect on flower bud differentiation.The content of soluble starch reached the maximum when it entered dormancy.With the temperature decreasing,it gradually decreased,and starch accumulated again in early spring.At the end of April and the beginning of May,there was a small accumulation peak,and then it continued to decline in July.The content of soluble sugar gradually decreased in the middle and late April,and began to increase in the middle and late May.This high content continued until the middle and late July.In this stage,the female flower buds underwent a series of flower bud differentiation.