父母心理控制与应对方式对434名初中生学业自我效能感的影响

Effectiveness of parental psychological control and coping style on academic self-efficacy among 434 junior middle school students

目的了解初中生父母心理控制、应对方式和学业自我效能感现状,探讨父母心理控制、应对方式对初中生学业自我效能感的影响。方法采用父母心理控制量表、中学生应对方式量表、学业自我效能感量表对434名初中生进行问卷调查,统计分析采用t检验、方差分析、偏相关分析和多元线性逐步回归分析。结果父母心理控制总均分为(1.87±0.57)分,应对方式总分为(79.00±14.44)分,学业自我效能感总分为(70.53±9.72)分;父母心理控制、父亲心理控制维度与学业自我效能感呈负相关(r=-0.113、-0.121,均P<0.05),应对方式、问题解决维度、求助维度与学业自我效能感呈正相关(r=0.339、0.480、0.289,均P<0.01)。成绩排名、应对方式、居住地、父母心理控制、担任班干部经历、年级6个因子进入学业自我效能感的回归方程(F=41.379,P<0.001),共解释35.9%的变异量。结论434名初中生学业自我效能感为中等水平,受到父母心理控制、应对方式的独立影响。父母采用积极的教养方式、避免过度控制,家校合作,在日常生活和素质教育中锻炼、提高初中生的问题解决、求助能力,有助于提升学业自我效能感水平。

Objective To understand the current situation of parental psychological control,coping style,and academic self-efficacy of junior middle school students,and to explore the effectiveness of parental psychological control and coping style on academic self-efficacy.Methods A total of 434 junior middle school students were investigated with Parental Psychological Control Scale,Coping Style Scale,and Academic Self-efficacy Scale,t-test,variance analysis,and multiple regression analysis were applied in this study.Results The average score of parental psychological control was(1.87±057),the total coping style score was(79.00±14.44),total academic self-efficacy score was(70.53±9.72).Parental psychological control and the father’s psychological control were negatively correlated with academic self-efficacy(r=-0.113,-0.121,P<0.01),coping style,problem-solving,and help-seeking were positively correlated with academic self-efficacy(r=0.339,0.480,0.289,P<0.01).Six factors,such as academic performance ranking,coping style,place of residence,parental psychological control,experience as a class cadre,and grade entered the regression equation of academic self-efficacy(F=41.379,P<0.001),and 35.9%of the variances were explained.Conclusions The academic self-efficacy of 434 junior middle school students ranges in the middle level,which is independently influenced by parental psychological control and coping style.Strategies like adopting positive a parenting style,avoiding excessive control,cooperation between family and school,exercising in daily life,and liberal education,and improving problem-solving and help-seeking abilities are effective to improve academic self-efficacy levels.