临海市乡镇四至六年级小学生焦虑障碍现状调查

Investigation on current situation of anxiety disorders among Grade 4-6 pupils in townships of Linhai City

目的了解临海市乡镇四至六年级小学生焦虑障碍的现状,为降低乡镇学生焦虑水平提供理论参考。方法采用整群抽样方法抽取浙江省临海市14所乡镇小学4719名四至六年级小学生为被试。采用“心理健康诊断测验(MHT)”对小学生进行问卷调查。结果四至六年级小学生总体焦虑障碍检出率为15.11%,其中学习焦虑为22.27%、对人焦虑为18.08%、孤独倾向为8.29%、自责倾向为16.53%、过敏倾向为16.80%、身体症状为15.45%、恐怖倾向为15.05%、冲动倾向为13.90%。四至六年级小学生焦虑障碍检出率分别为14.77%、17.46%、13.56%,差异有统计学意义(χ^(2)=9.427,P<0.01),3个年级学生自责倾向、过敏倾向、身体症状、恐怖倾向、冲动倾向检出率差异均有统计学意义(P<0.01)。男生焦虑障碍总体检出率为14.88%,女生为15.43%,差异无统计学意义(χ^(2)=0.272,P>0.05);但男生孤独倾向检出率为8.94%,高于女生的7.38%(χ^(2)=3.661,P<0.05),女生恐怖倾向和冲动倾向检出率分别为16.38%、16.13%,均高于男生的14.07%、12.28%(χ^(2)=4.809、14.293,P<0.01)。结论临海市乡镇四至六年级小学生焦虑障碍问题较为突出,尤其要关注五年级小学生的焦虑障碍问题,应及早对乡镇小学生展开综合干预以降低其焦虑障碍发生率。

Objective To understand the current situation of anxiety disorders in Grade 4-6 pupils in townships of Linhai City,so as to provide theoretical reference for reducing the anxiety level of township students.Methods A total of 4719 pupils from Grade 4 to Grade 6 from 14 township primary schools in Linhai City,Zhejiang Province were selected by cluster sampling method.The Mental Health Diagnostic Test(MHT)was used to conduct a questionnaire survey among primary school students.Results The overall detection rate of anxiety disorders in Grade 4-6 primary school students was 15.11%,including 22.27%of learning anxiety,18.08%of anxiety about others,8.29%of loneliness tendency,16.53%of self-blame tendency,16.80%of allergy tendency,15.45%of physical symptoms,15.05%of terror tendency,and 13.90%of impulsive tendency.The detection rates of anxiety disorders in Grade 4-6 primary school students were 14.77%,17.46%,and 13.56%,respectively,and the differences were statistically significant(χ^(2)=9.427,P<0.01).There were significant differences in the detection rates of self-blame tendency,allergy tendency,physical symptoms,terror tendency,and an impulsive tendency among the three-grade students(P<0.01).The overall detection rate of anxiety disorder was 14.88%in boys and 15.43%in girls,and the difference was not statistically significant(χ^(2)=0.272,P>0.05).However,the detection rate of loneliness tendency in boys was 8.94%,which was higher than that of girls(χ^(2)=3.661,P<0.05),and the detection rates of fear tendency and impulsive tendency in girls were 16.38%and 16.13%,respectively,which were higher than those of boys(χ^(2)=4.809,14.293,P<0.01).Conclusion The problem of anxiety disorder of primary school students in Grades 4-6 in townships of Linhai City is more prominent,especially the anxiety disorders of Grade 5 primary school students,and comprehensive intervention should be carried out as soon as possible to reduce the incidence of anxiety disorders.