口腔治疗相关皮下气肿的病因及诊疗策略

Etiology, diagnosis and treatment strategy of dental therapy-related subcutaneous emphysema

皮下气肿是气体经组织间隙进入皮下组织引起的局部组织肿胀。虽然皮下气肿通常是非致命性和自限性疾病,但在严重的情况下,气体可能扩散至颈部、纵隔和胸部,导致纵隔气肿等,引发严重的并发症。本文对口腔治疗相关的皮下气肿的病因、形成机制、临床表现、诊断与鉴别诊断、可能引发皮下气肿的口腔科操作,以及皮下气肿的治疗和预后做一综述,以期为口腔医师提供参考。

Subcutaneous emphysema is the local tissue swelling caused by the gas entering the subcutaneous tissue through the tissue gap.Although subcutaneous emphysema is usually a nonfatal and self-limited disease,in severe cases,the gas may spread to the neck,mediastinum and chest,resulting in mediastinal emphysema and other serious complications.This article reviews the etiology,pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,diagnosis,differential diagnosis of subcutaneous emphysema related to dental therapy,and operations that may cause subcutaneous emphysema in stomatology department,as well as the treatment and prognosis of subcutaneous emphysema,with a view to providing some references for dentists.