成矿地质体找矿预测理论与方法

Introduction of the theory and method of prospecting prediction of metallogenic geological body

在大量典型矿床剖析的基础上,以矿物学、岩石学、矿床学、构造地质学、地球化学等基础理论为指导,以大量实地观察和实验数据为支撑,通过总结矿山深部和外围找矿实践和典型矿床研究成果,按照成矿作用内因和外因相结合的辩证思维,成矿作用时间、空间、物质能量相统一的综合思维,以及元素地球化学分类和找矿预测矿床分类的比较思维,提出成矿地质体、成矿构造和成矿结构面、成矿作用特征标志等概念。成矿地质体是形成矿床主要矿产、决定主成矿阶段空间位置的成矿地质作用的实物载体,划分为沉积作用、火山作用、岩浆作用、变质作用和大型变形作用形成的5类成矿地质体。成矿结构面是赋存矿体的各类界面,包括构造界面、岩性界面、物理化学转换界面;成矿作用特征标志是能够直接指示矿体赋存位置和对找矿预测具有特殊意义的标志。依据成矿地质作用对中国主要矿床类型进行梳理划分,归纳总结了主要矿床类型的地质特征,构建了反映矿体赋存位置的成矿地质体-成矿结构面-成矿作用特征标志“三位一体”找矿预测地质模型。在此基础上,提出勘查区找矿预测的工作方法,对矿床学研究、找矿预测、矿产勘查工作具有重要的指导意义。

Based on the essential theories of geochemistry,mineralogy,structural geology,and economic geology,supported by the practices and research achievements of 230 mineral explorations at the deep and adjacent areas of mining districts and 129 typical mineral deposits,with the thought of combining the endopathic causes(elementary geochemistry characteristics)and exopathic causes(different types of geologic process)of mineralization,this paper proposes new concepts innovatively,called metallogenic geological body,metallogenic structural plane,metallogenic characteristics,and so on.Metallogenic geological body is the carrier of ore-forming geological processes that form the main minerals(with industrial value)and determine the spatial location of the main ore-forming stage.It is divided into five types of metallogenic geological bodies formed by sedimentation,volcanism,magmatism,metamorphism,and large-scale deformation.Metallogenic structural plane is the spatial location of ore-body occurrence,including structural interface,lithology interface,and physicochemical transition interface.Metallogenic characteristics can directly indicate the location of ore bodies and have special significance for prospecting and prediction.According to the new proposed metallogenic geologic process,main deposit types in China are redistricted.The geologic features of these deposit types are summarized.Geological models for prospecting and prediction of metallogenic geological body,metallogenic structural plane,and metallogenic characteristics(also known as the"Trinity"prospecting and prediction geological model)are constructed,reflecting the ore-body occurrence location of these different deposit types.Moreover,working procedures of prospecting and prediction of metallogenic geological body are put forward.The prospecting and prediction theory and method of metallogenic geological body is important guiding significance for mineral deposit research,prospecting prediction,and mineral exploration.