非政府组织在约旦民生领域的活动与作用

On the NGOs' Activities and Roles in the Jordanian Livelihood Fields

约旦非政府组织在教育、医疗卫生、救济、减贫与就业等民生领域开展了大量活动。从法团主义的理论视角看,非政府组织在约旦民生领域的活动有三大作用:一是弥补了政府和私营部门公共服务的不足;二是充当约旦政府的伙伴与民生政策在基层的实施者;三是保障基本民生与社会稳定。不过,非政府组织也存在外国捐助机构与外国非政府组织对约旦本地干预、控制和渗透的风险。影响约旦非政府组织在民生领域活动与发挥作用的因素如下:约旦民生状况、约旦政府政策、伊斯兰传统文化和约旦非政府组织自身的短板。总体而言,约旦政府在民生领域起主导作用,非政府组织起辅助作用。从长远来看,约旦政府应当发挥非政府组织的优势并引导其继续在民生领域开展活动,以填补政府在民生领域的不足,但也要严格控制其参与政治活动,警惕外国势力借非政府组织干预约旦国家内政。

The Jordanian NGOs have launched numerous activities in the livelihood fields,such as education,health,relief,poverty alleviation,and employment.From the perspective of corporatism,there were three key roles of Jordanian NGOs' activities in the livelihood fields.Firstly,they filled the Jordanian government and private sector's insufficiency in the public services.Secondly,they were the Jordanian government's partners and played the implementers of governmental policies in the grass-roots.Thirdly,they guaranteed the poor's basic livelihood and maintained social stability.However,there was also a risk for Jordanian NGOs to be intervened,controlled and penetrated by foreign donors and foreign NGOs.There were four primary factors which affected the Jordanian NGOs' activities and roles in the livelihood fields.One is the situation of Jordanian livelihood and the policies of the Jordan government,another is the Islamic culture.Moreover,the Jordanian NGOs' shortages are important factors.On the whole,the Jordanian government played a leading role and the NGOs played a supporting role in the livelihood.In the long run,the Jordanian NGOs will continue to carry out their activities and play roles in the fields of livelihood.We should develop NGOs' advantages to overcome the government's weaknesses,but strictly control them to participate political activities.We should also be wary of foreign powers using NGOs to interfere the developing countries' internal affairs.