中国与世界反贫困实践经验和理论的历史比较研究

A Historical Comparative Study on the Anti-poverty Practical Experience and Theory between China and the World

中国历史性地解决了绝对贫困问题,在中华民族发展史和人类减贫发展史上都具有极其重要的意义。本文运用政治经济学的基本原理和历史比较分析的方法,系统梳理了两百多年来美英等主要资本主义国家反贫困理论的演变过程及其减贫政策实践,回顾总结了一百多年来中国特色社会主义反贫困理论的形成过程及其减贫政策实践。研究得出:由于基本国情、社会制度、文化传统等方面的差异,中国与世界主要资本主义国家在反贫困道路上存在明显区别,形成了“以资本为中心”和“以人民为中心”两种不同的反贫困模式。在此基础上,本文论证了以“资本为中心”的反贫困理念和政策实践的不足与缺陷,探究了以“人民为中心”的反贫困理念和行动对实现持续稳定减贫的意义与作用,并对中国特色扶贫减贫的经验和启示进行了总结提炼,为世界解决贫困问题提供了中国智慧和方案。

China's great victory in poverty alleviation is of extremely important significance in the history of the development of the Chinese nation and the development of human poverty reduction.Using the basic principles of political economics and the method of historical comparative analysis,this paper systematically combs the evolution process of anti-poverty theory and poverty reduction policy practice in capitalist countries such as the United States and Britain over the past 200 years,and summarizes the formation process of anti-poverty theory with Chinese characteristics and its poverty reduction policy practice over the past 100 years.It shows that due to the differences in basic national conditions,social systems,cultural traditions,and other aspects,there is a sharp distinction between China and world's major capitalist countries in their anti-poverty path,forming the “capital-centered” and the “people-centered” anti-poverty models.On this basis,this paper demonstrates the shortcomings and defects of the “capital-centered” anti-poverty concept and policy practice,and explores the impact and role of the “people-centered” anti-poverty concept and action on achieving sustained and stable poverty reduction.It also summarizes and refines the experience and enlightenment of poverty alleviation with Chinese characteristics,so as to provide Chinese wisdom and solutions for the world to solve the problem of poverty.