需求层次视角下的博士后学术职业意愿分析

Analysis of Postdocs'Academic Career Intention from Perspective of Hierarchy of Needs

基于Nature2020年全球博士后调查数据,以需求层次理论为框架,对博士后“出走学术界”的原因进行量化分析。研究发现:各层次需求的满足均会提高博士后的学术职业意愿,其中,高层次的自我实现需求满足情况对博士后的学术职业意愿影响最大,尽管如此,博士后依然渴望低层次的安全需求能够得到满足。博士后工作是一份以长时间投入为常态的且受安全和自我实现需求极端拉扯的过渡性学术职业,“出走学术界”其实是博士后在饱尝过“需求不满”之后作出的“及时止损”。博士后并非“不食人间烟火”的精神修业者,因此,欲提高博士后的学术职业意愿,不仅需要依赖精神上的激励,更需要落到经济支持、职业生涯管理等“实”处。

Based on the data of Nature2020 global postdoc survey and hierarchy theory of needs,this study conducted a quantita-tive analysis of the reasons for why postdocs"leaving the academia".This study found that the satisfaction of needs at all levels would improve the academic career intention of postdocs.Among them,the satisfaction of high-levelself-actualization needs has the grea-test influence.Postdoc work is a transitional academic career with long time commitment as the norm and extreme demands for safety and self-actualization."Leaving the academia"is actually a"timely stop loss"made by postdoc after experiencing"needs dissatisfac-tion".Postdocs are not pure spiritual practitioners.So to improve their academic career intention,we not only need to rely on spiritual incentives,but also need to attach importance to the"real"places,such as economic support and career management.