互动竞争、地价扭曲与产业结构同质化

Competitive Action-Reaction, Industrial Land Price Distortion and the Homogenization of Industrial Structure

党的二十大报告指出,构建优势互补、高质量发展的区域经济布局和国土空间体系。所以,治理产业结构同质化、推动错位发展从而实现区域协调发展,在当前中国经济发展中具有重要意义。综合整理多个宏微观数据库,构建2007—2021年城市层面面板数据,运用空间杜宾模型,检验了工业地价“逐底竞争”互动模式对产业结构同质化的影响。研究发现:两位数行业分类代码层面,城市产业供地结构的差异性不高,且土地价格偏离指数整体呈负向偏离,说明产业供地中确实存在明显的“地价让利”。实证结果中,空间滞后项的系数绝对值相对较大,说明城市间的产业结构同质化问题,受外界影响相对更强。地方政府间以“地价让利”为工具的招商引资竞争越激烈,产业结构同质化问题越严重。土地价格扭曲在空间维度的互动影响,在时间维度上也存在异质性,城市间工业地价“逐底竞争”的程度减轻,短期会降低产业供地结构差异性,长期则会提高产业供地结构的差异性,总的来看,最终会抑制产业结构同质化。可见,相关的调控政策既要关注个体行为,也要关注地方政府间的互动行为,不能“只见树木,不见森林”,要通过协调互动关系来促进区域协调发展。

The report of the 20th CPC National Congress proposes to build a regional economic layout and territorial space system with complementary advantages and high-quality development.Therefore,in current economic development of China,it is of great significance to restrain the industrial structure homogenization and promote the diversity development,so as to realize the coordinated development of the whole region.In this research,several macro and micro databases were integrated to construct the panel data of the city level from 2007 to 2021,and the spatial Durbin model was used for empirical test.Then the impact of the local governments’interactive mode of“race to bottom”in industrial land supply on the industrial structure homogenization were proved and measured.Finally,the conclusions of this study can be summarized as follows.Firstly,at the level of two-digit industry classification code,the difference of urban industrial land supply structure is not high.The land price deviation indicator(LPDI)shows a negative deviation on the whole,which indicates that there is an obvious negative distortion of the industrial land price.Secondly,in the empirical results,the absolute value of WLPDIs’coefficient is relatively higher than the LPDI,indicating that the degree of the industrial structure homogenization is more strongly influenced by the other cities.The fiercer the competition among local governments to attract investment with the tool of“land price concession”,the more likely it will result in industrial structure homogenization.Thirdly,the land price concession between local governments has a significant impact on the difference of industrial land supply structure,and this impact is different at different time points.If the degree of the“race to bottom”between cities has relieved,the difference of industrial land supply structure will be reduced in the short term,but the difference of industrial land supply structure will be increased in the long term.Overall,this changing will promote the homogenization of industrial development between cities.Therefore,the relevant regulatory policies should pay attention to both individual behaviors and the interactive behaviors between local governments.We should not only see the minute details but also the major issues,and relevant regulatory policies should promote regional coordinated development through coordinated and interactive relationships.