矿产资源开发、生态环境破坏与农业全要素生产率损失--以黄河流域为例

Mineral Resources Exploitation, Ecological Environmental Damage and Agricultural Total Factor Productivity Losses in the Yellow River Basin

以兼具粮食主产区与自然资源开发密集区双重特征的黄河流域为研究对象,将工业企业数据库中约6500家从事矿产资源开发的企业数据匹配到县域层面,定量评估2003—2013年该流域矿产资源密集开发对当地农业全要素生产率(ATFP)的影响,并从生态环境破坏视角对其影响机制进行实证检验。结果发现:在控制了基础设施条件、城镇化水平、工业化水平、劳动力转移量等因素后,样本期内黄河流域矿产资源密集开发使得当地ATFP平均损失约为10.06%,该效应在流域的不同地段呈现出一定的异质性,中下游的损失更为严重,损失度达13.31%。从作用机制来看,上述损失中近1/4源自当地矿产资源开发所产生的生态环境破坏。因此,重视工业污染对农业生产的负面影响,对农业发展方式转型乃至乡村振兴战略具有重要意义。

The study takes the Yellow River Basin as the research case,which has the dual characteristics of both the main grain producing area and the dense area of natural resource development in China,and estimates the effect of the mineral resource-intensive development in the basin on the local ATFP from 2003 to 2013 by matching the data of about 6500 enterprises engaged in mineral resource development to the county level.Finally,the impact mechanism is also empirically tested from the perspective of ecological environment destruction.The results indicate that the intensive exploitation of mineral resources in the Yellow River Basin caused the average loss of about 10.06%to local ATFP during the sample period,after controlling the effects of infrastructure conditions,urbanization level,degree of industrialization,amount of labor transfer and so on.The effect shows the heterogeneity across the different sections of the basin,and the loss in the middle and lower reaches is more serious,with a loss degree of 13.31%.For the influence mechanism,nearly a quarter of the above losses attribute to the environmental damage caused by the exploitation of local mineral resources.Therefore,it is significant to pay more attention to the negative impact of industrial pollution on agricultural production for the transformation of agricultural development mode and even the strategy of Rural Revitalization.