我国干旱半干旱地区畜禽粪污时空特征及资源化利用潜力研究

The Study on the Spatial and Temporal Characteristics of Livestock and Poultry Manure and Its Resource Utilization Potential in Arid and Semi-Arid Areas in China

选用排泄系数法估算近20年来我国干旱半干旱地区畜禽粪污资源总量,并利用ArcGIS分析空间分布特征,进一步对各省份畜禽粪污肥料化与能源化利用潜力进行了对比分析。结果表明:(1)近20年来,我国干旱半干旱地区畜禽粪污资源总量呈上升—下降交替波动趋势,牛、羊为各省份畜禽粪污资源量的主要来源。(2)各省份粪肥氮、磷养分资源量十分丰富,除宁夏和新疆外,粪肥氮、磷养分可供给量远超过了农用地需求量。(3)2019年干旱半干旱地区居民生活能源替代率和燃气替代率分别为89%、6.13倍,各省份居民生活能源替代潜力为58%~205%,生活燃气替代潜力为2.88~11.95倍。因此,应提高牛羊规模化养殖水平、促进种养紧密结合、提升资源化利用技术水平。

The paper uses the excretion coefficient method to estimate the total amount of livestock and poultry manure resources in arid and semi-arid areas in China in the past 20 years,and analyzes the spatial distribution characteristics of the potential of fertilizer and energy utilization in various provinces and regions.The results are showed that:(1)in the past 20 years,the total amount of livestock and poultry manure resources in the arid and semi-arid areas of China has increased and decreased alternately,and cattle and sheep are the main sources of livestock and poultry manure resources in all provinces and regions.(2)The resources of manure nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients are very rich in all provinces and regions.Except for Ningxia and Xinjiang,the available supply of manure nitrogen and phosphorus nutrients far exceeds the demand for agricultural land.(3)In 2019,the replacement rate of living energy and gas of residents in arid and semi-arid areas were 89%and 6.13 times respectively,the replacement potential of living energy of residents in provinces and regions was 58%~205%,and the replacement potential of domestic gas was 2.88~11.95 times.Therefore,we should improve the level of large-scale breeding of cattle and sheep,promote the close combination of planting and breeding,and improve the technical level of resource utilization.