调控动物性状相关长链非编码RNA的研究进展

Progress on Long Non-coding RNAs Related to the Regulation of Animal Traits

长链非编码RNA(long non-coding RNA,lncRNA)是基因转录过程中产生的一类长度大于200个核苷酸(nt)的非编码RNA(non-coding RNA,ncRNA)。lncRNA的表达水平通常低于mRNA,且无高度保守序列,缺少开放阅读框,但它们具有更强的组织特异性表达模式。lncRNA可以通过与DNA、RNA(mRNA,miRNA,环状RNA)和蛋白质进行相互作用来发挥其功能,因此可作为信号分子、诱导物等来调节复杂的基因表达网络。作为一种新的调节分子,lncRNA正在成为基因表达调控中新的重要参与者,且近年研究表明,其与家畜动物性状调控密切相连。本文对lncRNA在动物肌肉生长分化、脂肪沉积、毛囊发育和繁殖方面进行了综述,旨在为lncRNA在家畜遗传育种上的应用提供依据。

Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs)are a class of non-coding RNAs(nt)greater than 200 nucleotides in lengths produced during gene transcription.LncRNAs are usually expressed at lower levels than mRNAs and do not have highly conserved sequences and lack open reading frames,but they have stronger tissue-specific expression patterns.LncRNAs can perform their functions by interacting with DNA,RNA(mRNA,miRNA,cyclic RNA)and proteins,and thus can act as signaling molecules,inducers,etc.to regulate complex gene expression networks.As a new regulatory molecule,lncRNA is becoming a new important player in the regulation of gene expression,and recent studies have shown that it is closely linked to the regulation of animal traits in livestock.In this paper,we review the role of lncRNAs in muscle growth and differentiation,fat deposition,hair follicle development and reproduction in animals,aiming to provide a basis for the application of lncRNAs in genetic breeding of livestock.