智能监控社会的形塑过程与机制

The Shaping Process and Mechanism of Intelligent Surveillance Society

以新媒体平台用户的信息隐私为中心,考察平台用户隐私披露与让渡的影响因素及其作用机制,是对“智能传播时代的监控社会何以形成”这一重要议题的积极回应。分析发现,智能监控社会由个体、组织、平台与社会共同形塑,各层级均含有能够形成建构性力量与解构性力量的因素,智能监控社会的强度取决于这两种力量的对抗。个体因素是影响隐私披露与让渡的内在动能,用户心理层面的社交需要、情感支持、隐私计算与社会信任影响主动隐私披露;从众心理、便利需要、工作需要与生存需要影响被动隐私让渡。用户心理通过平台机制的作用后,可能导致广告骚扰、生活焦虑、媒体倦怠、安全风险等后果。互联网平台是监控社会维持的中枢层面,平台通过搭建“注册/登录”“社交/互动”“搜索/浏览”“交易/服务”4种主要场景来收集用户个人信息,并通过制定有利于自身的隐私政策、设计隐私政策呈现方式等策略使用户尽可能多地披露与让渡个人信息,最终将造成正当监控、强制监控、精准监控、动态监控、横向监控与麻醉监控等社会影响。企事业单位、学校、社区等组织构成了连接个体用户与互联网平台的中介,其作用机制是将分散的个体进行整合,进而将个人决策上升为集体决策,将组织成员的个人信息与网络平台进行共享。此外,文化、价值观等宏观层面的社会因素对智能监控社会的形塑作用同样不容忽视。

Focusing on the information privacy of new media platform users,examining the influencing factors and mechanism of platform users'privacy disclosure and transfer is a positive response to the important topic of how the surveillance society is formed in the era of intelligent communication.Analysis found that the intelligent surveillance society is shaped by individuals,organizations,platforms and society,and each level contains factors that can form constructive forces and deconstructive forces,the strength of intelligent surveillance society depends on the confrontation between the two forces.Individual factors are the internal driving force affecting privacy disclosure and transfer,active privacy disclosure is influenced by users'social needs,emotional support,privacy calculation,and social trust,passive privacy transfer is influenced by herd mentality,convenience needs,occupation requirement,and survival needs.User psychology may result in advertising harassment,life anxiety,media burnout,security risk,and other problems because of platform mechanism function.Internet platform is the central level for surveillance society maintenance,platform collects users'personal information by establishing four main scenarios,namely“registration/login”,“social/interaction”,“search/browse”,and“transaction/service”,encourages users to disclose and transfer personal information as much as possible by formulating privacy policies and designing ways of presenting privacy policies that benefit platform themselves.It will eventually lead to the social impact of proper monitoring,mandatory monitoring,exact monitoring,dynamic monitoring,horizontal monitoring,and anesthesia monitoring.Enterprises,institutions,schools,communities,and other organizations serve as the bridge between individual users and the internet platform,its mechanism is to bring together dispersed individuals,then elevate individual decision-making to collective decision-making,and share personal information about organization members with the internet platform.Furthermore,macrosocial variables such as culture and values must not be overlooked.