有机无机肥配施对谷子产量及经济效益的影响

Effects of Organic and Inorganic Combined Application on Yield and Economic Benefit of Millet

为了探索施用适量有机肥代替化肥的肥效,为谷子减肥高产增效提供理论依据,以晋谷59号为试验材料,设计了不施肥、单施化肥、单施有机肥、有机无机肥配施4种施肥模式,研究施肥模式对2018—2020年谷子产量、经济效益的影响。结果表明,单施化肥处理的氮、磷、钾农学效率均为各施肥处理中最高;单施有机肥处理的谷子产量、经济效益较不施肥处理增加,但较有机无机肥配施处理有所降低;施肥处理与不施肥处理相比,2018—2020年谷子平均氮收获指数增加6.18%~28.67%,磷收获指数增加16.90%~37.00%,钾收获指数增加15.68%~32.49%;平均籽粒产量增加22.96%~65.09%;平均经济效益增加3 522.5~8 982.8元/hm2;其中,无机肥减半配施有机肥处理与不施肥处理相比有明显的增产增收效果,平均增产44.65%,增收5 389元/hm2。从化肥施用量、谷子产量、经济效益方面综合考虑,无机肥减半配施有机肥处理是最佳有机无机肥配施组合,可以在该类型区推荐施用。

In order to explore the fertilizer effect of appropriate application of organic fertilizers replacing chemical fertilizers and provide the thoretic basis for reduction of fertilizers,increase of efficiency,and high yield,in this experiment,Jingu 59 was taken as the experimental material,four fertilization modes including no fertilization,single chemical fertilizer application,single organic fertilizer application,and combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer were designed to study the effects of the four different fertilization modes on the yield,economic benefits of millet from 2018 to 2020.The results showed that the agronomic efficiency of nitrogen,phosphorus,and potassium under single chemical fertilizer application was the highest among all fertilization treatments.Compared with no fertilizer treatment,the yield and economic benefit of millet treated with organic fertilizer alone increased,but decreased compared with the combined application of organic and inorganic fertilizer.Compared with no fertilization,the average nitrogen harvest index,phosphorus harvest index,and potassium harvest index of millet from 2018 to 2020 increased by 6.18%-28.67%,16.90%-37.00%and 15.68%-32.49%,respectively.The average grain yield increased by 22.96%-65.09%.The average economic income increased by 3522.5-8982.8 yuan/ha.Among them,the treatment of combination of organic and half inorganic fertilizer had obvious effect of increasing yield and income compared with no fertilization treatment,increasing average yield by 44.65%and annual income by 5389 yuan/ha.Considering from the aspects of fertilizer application amount,millet yield,and economic benefit,the combination of organic and half inorganic fertilizer treatment was the optimal combination of organic and inorganic fertilizers and could be recommended in the similar areas.