基于GIS的河北省太行山山前平原区耕地质量等级评价

Evaluation of Cultivated Land Quality Grade in Piedmont Plain of Taihang Mountain in Hebei Province Based on GIS

为科学有效进行耕地质量保护和建设提升,精准了解耕地质量等级数量和空间特征分布情况,基于GIS技术,运用层次分析法、特尔菲法、模糊数学法和累加法等,对河北省太行山山前平原30个县(区)耕地质量构建综合评价体系,并进行等级评价。结果表明,研究区耕地最高等级为1级,最低等级为8级,平均等级为3.24级,整体质量较高。基于自然断点法,将1~3级地归为优等,主要分布在石家庄山前平原和邯郸部分地区;4~6级地归为中等,主要分布在保定山前平原北部地区和邢台部分地区;7、8级地归为低等,主要分布在保定山前平原南部和邢台部分地区;研究区内中部地区和南部地区耕地质量高于中北部和西部区域;研究区优等地占比最高,占64.49%,低等地占比最低,占4.03%。为确保研究区耕地永续利用,无明显障碍因子的优等地应注重立地条件因子的保持,适时进行深松深翻、灌溉设施养护;中等地继续水土保持工作的稳步推进,增加耕层厚度;低等地宜通过秸秆还田、种植绿肥或增施有机肥、生物炭快速提升土壤理化性状。

In order to scientifically and effectively protect and improve the quality of cultivated land,and accurately understand the quantity of cultivated land quality grades and the distribution of spatial characteristics,in this paper,analytic hierarchy process(AHP),Delphi,fuzzy mathematics,and summation method were used based on the Geographic Information System(GIS)to establish a comprehensive evaluation system for 30 counties(districts)in the piedmont plain of Taihangshan Mountain in Hebei province and evaluation of grade was conducted.The results showed that the highest grade of cultivated land in the study area was 1,the lowest grade was 8,the average grade was 3.24,and the overall quality was high.Based on the natural breakpoint method,grades from 1-3 were excellent,mainly distributing in the piedmont plain of Shijiazhuang and some areas of Handan.Grades from 4-6 were medium,mainly distributing in the north of the piedmont plain of Baoding and some areas of Xingtai.Grades 7-8 were low,mainly distributing in the south of the piedmont plain of Baoding and some areas of Xingtai.The quality of cultivated land in the central and southern regions of the study area was higher than that in the central north and western regions.The study area had the highest proportion of excellent places at 64.49%,and the lowest proportion of low grades at 4.03%.In order to ensure the sustainable use of cultivated land of excellent grades without obvious obstacles in the study area,the maintenance of site conditions should be emphasized,and deep subsoiling and deep turning,and the maintenance of irrigation facilities should be carried out in a timely manner.In the land with medium grades,the steady progress of soil and water conservation work should be continued to increase thickness of arable layer.In low grade places,soil physicochemical properties should be rapidly improved by returning straw to the field,planting green manure or increasing the application of organic fertilizer and biochar.