光叶榉种质资源研究进展

Research Progress on Germplasm Resources of Zelkova serrata

光叶榉是榆科榉属珍贵乔木,在我国分布范围较广,具有很高的观赏价值和良好的生态适应性。由于长期以来资源保护和开发不力、优良植株数量不能满足市场需求,导致野生种质资源破坏严重、自主知识产权的栽培品种缺乏,优良本土资源利用不足。为指导对光叶榉资源的深入研究与合理开发、推动光叶榉在园林绿化中的推广应用,综合了国内外光叶榉种质资源研究情况,并分别从地理分布、种群动态、生物学特性、繁育与栽培、遗传特性与良种选育以及园林应用等方面进行了综述,对光叶榉今后的研究方向进行了展望。制约光叶榉在国内市场应用和推广的重要因素为光叶榉的繁育技术不够成熟和遗传育种相对滞后,今后应该重点从推动光叶榉自然繁衍机制、加强光叶榉种质资源收集与保护、强化光叶榉育种、提高光叶榉无性繁殖技术等方面加大研究和投入力度。

Zelkova serrata is a kind of precious trees belonging to Zelkova of Ulmaceae which has a wide distribution range in China,high ornamental value,and good ecological adaptability.Due to the lack of resource protection and development for a long time,and the breeding of superior plants cannot keep up with the market demand,causing that the destruction of wild germplasm resources is serious,the cultivars with independent intellectual property rights are lacking,and the utilization of excellent local resources is insufficient.In order to guide the in-depth research and rational development of Zelkova serrata and promote its popularization and application in landscaping,in this paper,research on the germplasm resources of Zelkova serrata at home and abroad was comprehensively reviewed in terms of geographical distribution,population dynamics,biological characteristics,breeding and cultivation,genetic characteristics and breeding of improved varieties,as well as garden applications.And the future research directions of Zelkova serrata was also prospected.The results showed that factors restricting the application and popularization of Zelkova serrata in the domestic market were the immature breeding technology and the relative lag in genetic breeding.In the future,more research and investment should be focused on the aspects such as promotion of the natural reproduction mechanism,enhancement of collection and protection of germplasm resources of Zelkova serrata,intensification of breeding for Zelkova serrata,improvement of vegetative propagation technology of Zelkova serrata.