数据信托构想启示下的数据保护与利用平衡

The balance between data protection and utilization inspired by the concept of data trust

数据信托作为全球突破性技术备受关注,“信息受托人”和“数据信任”概念分别从义务和权利角度调整数据主体和数据控制者间的不平等地位。探究数据信托对解决数据保护和利用的现存问题的启发,可以为整体引入数据信托构想和填补现有制度两种路径均提供原则性指引。在数据保护方面,数据信托提示在现有法定义务上为数据控制者增加义务,通过举证责任倒置等程序设计降低救济难度。在数据利用方面,数据信托支持以“所有权-用益权”的二元结构确定产权归属,同时蕴含收益权能的单独配置。双层信托结构界分了数据流通利用的不同阶段,通过集体治理为数据利用提供了灵活性。信托理论同时强调数据主体参与甚至主导数据收益分配,启示在现有收益分配问题上提升数据主体的地位。

Data trust,as a global breakthrough technology,has attracted much attention.The concepts of"information trustee"and"data trust"respectively adjust the unequal status between data subjects and data controllers from the perspectives of obligations and rights.Exploring the inspiration of data trust for solving existing problems in data protection and utilization can provide principled guidance for both the overall introduction of data trust concepts and the filling of existing systems.In terms of data protection,data trusts suggest adding obligations to existing legal obligations for data controllers and reducing the difficulty of relief through procedural design such as inverted burden of proof.In terms of data utilization,data trusts support the dual structure of"ownership-usufruct"to determine property ownership,while also containing separate allocation of income rights.The dual trust structure distinguishes different stages of data circulation and utilization,providing flexibility for data utilization through collective governance.The trust theory also emphasizes the participation and even dominance of data subjects in the distribution of data returns,inspiring the improvement of the status of data subjects in existing income distribution issues.