哺乳动物精子获能信号通路及检测方法研究进展

Research Progress in Sperm Capacitation Associated Signaling Pathways and Detection Methods in Mammals

哺乳动物精子与卵细胞结合完成受精前,获能是关键环节之一。精子获能伴随着许多生理生化过程的改变,包括离子含量的改变、质膜重组、胆固醇外排和蛋白质的酪氨酸磷酸化等,此外,去能因子能使精子顺利完成受精。通过这些变化可以检测精子的获能状态,常用的检测方法主要有sAC-cAMP-PKA通路检测、质膜流动性变化检测、胆固醇再次分布检测、酪氨酸磷酸化检测和顶体反应检测等。对哺乳动物精子获能过程中涉及的信号通路、信号分子、调节因子、离子通道以及精子获能检测方法的研究进展进行综述,并对未来主要研究方向进行展望,以期为精子体外培养及辅助生殖技术的应用等提供参考。

Capacitation is a crucial stage before sperm and egg cell complete fertilization in mammals.A series of physiological and biochemical processes are altered in accompany with sperm capacitation,including ion content changes,plasma membrane remodeling,cholesterol efflux,and protein tyrosine phosphorylation.In addition,decapacitation factors enable sperms to successfully complete fertilization.These alternations can be used to detect sperm capacitation status.The commonly used methods include the detections of sAC-cAMP-PKA pathway,plasma membrane fluidity change,cholesterol redistribution,tyrosine phosphorylation,and acrosome reaction.This article reviews the research progress in signaling pathways,signaling molecules,regulatory factors,ion channels,and sperm capacitation detection methods involved in sperm capacitation in mammals,and prospected the main research directions in the future,in hoping to provide references for sperm in vitro culture and the application of assisted reproductive technology.