论林木常规育种与非常规育种及其关系

On conventional and unconventional tree breeding and their relationships

在新技术育种迅猛发展的今天,厘清常规育种、非常规育种的内涵、作用及其相互关系,借鉴林业发达国家林木育种乃至作物、畜禽育种的经验,有助于针对树种特点及其育种现状科学选择育种技术,更高效率地推动我国林木良种化进程。本文简要综述了自古代育种到现代育种乃至新技术育种的生物育种技术发展历程、特点及其作用,并对常规育种、非常规育种进行了界定。进而基于林木群体遗传变异特点解析了常规育种技术与非常规育种技术对于林木育种的作用及其关系,强调常规育种是林木育种的核心和基石,而非常规育种尤其是新技术育种则是林木育种的创新与发展,并提出了我国林木育种乃至种业创新发展需要重视的问题等。

In today’s rapid development of new technology breeding,clarifying the connotations and roles of conventional and unconventional tree breeding and their interrelationships,and drawing on the experience of tree,crop and livestock breeding in forestry-developed countries can help scientifically choose suitable breeding technologies according to the characteristics of tree species and their breeding status,and promote the process of improved variety efficiently in China.This paper briefly reviews the development history,characteristics and roles of biological breeding technologies from ancient breeding to modern breeding and new technology breeding.The conventional breeding and the unconventional breeding were also defined.The roles of the conventional and unconventional forest tree breeding technologies of forest tree breeding and their relationships were elucidated based on the characteristics of population genetic variations.It is emphasized that the conventional forest tree breeding is the core and cornerstone of forest tree breeding,while the unconventional forest tree breeding,especially new technology breeding,is the innovation and development of forest tree breeding.The problems that need to be paid attention to during the development of forest tree breeding and seed industry innovation were discussed in China.