论数据要素收益分配的制度基础——基于用益补偿的视角

On the Institutional Basis of Income Distribution of Data Elements:From the Perspective ofBeneficial Compensation

为了避免数据要素市场的激励不足以及规制焦虑,有必要解构“数据要素收益”的规范意涵,明确收益性质、收益分配方式。对数据要素收益与数据本身价值不能等量齐观,应厘清数据要素收益的“用益”本质,构建数据要素收益分配的制度基础。“数据资源持有权”描述的是数据相关方保有利益的正当性基础,数据经由使用后,数据要素收益初次生成于数据使用者处。从保有利益的正当性以及价值贡献因素出发,可以构建数据主体与数据使用者、数据使用者与数据使用者之间的用益补偿规则。在此基础上,逐步构建利益平衡规则,以及弱者保护、三次分配等方面的公法规则,辅以消费者基金、平台自治、数据保险等配套制度,实现数据要素收益分配的制度正义。

In order to avoid insufficient incentives and regulatory anxiety in the data factor market,it is necessary to deconstruct the normative meaning of"data elementbenefits",and clarify the nature and distribution of returns.The benefits of data elements cannot be equated with the value of the data itself.The"beneficial"nature of data element benefits should be clarified from the perspectives of"fruits"and"usage benefits",and the institutional basis for the distribution of data element benefits should be constructed.The term"data resource ownership"describes the legitimate basis for maintaining interests,and after data is used,the benefits of data elements are first generated by the data user.Starting from the legitimacy of preserving interests and the factors of value contribution,it is possible to construct profit compensation rules between data subjects and data users,as well as between data users and data users.Then,we will construct rules for balancing interests layer by layer,as well as public law rules for protecting the weak and tertiary distribution,supplemented by supporting systems such as consumer funds,platform autonomy,and data insurance,to achieve institutional justice in the distribution of data element benefits.