意定监护助推特殊需要信托服务落地的实践探索

Exploration on Freewill Guardianship Promoting Special Needs Trust

随着我国意定监护和信托业制度的逐步完善,在实践中将意定监护制度嵌入特殊需要信托服务设计,发挥意定监护与信托服务法律关系同源、功能互补的特点,可以使监护人与财产管理人各司其职、协同合作,实现特殊需要人群“放心安老与托孤”的诉求,探索出特殊需要信托服务本土化的落地路径。调研发现,通过意定监护促进特殊需要信托服务的实施存在以下问题:实施细则指引不明晰、社会监护组织尚在探索、意定监护监督制度不完善、监护人风险责任不清晰、特殊需要信托服务配套欠缺以及宣传推广不足等。因此,在实务中发挥意定监护作用,有效促进特殊需要信托服务,还需要进一步丰富意定监护内涵、建立社会监护组织、完善监督监察机制、配套监护人责任保险、开展社区信托试点、多部门联动宣传推广以及营造特殊人群发展环境等,才能满足特殊需要人群终身照顾和家庭财产安全监护的诉求,从而提供普惠型、全周期的信托解决方案。

Based on the"homology"of the legal relationship between freewill guardianship and trust,the guardianship promoting trust practice becomes an important breakthrough for implementing special needs trusts with the gradual improvement of the voluntary guardianship and trust system in China.At present,there are several problems in the development of special needs trust cooperated by freewill guardianship:insufficient practical guidance for promoting special needs trusts through voluntary guardianship,social voluntary guardianship institutions still in the exploratory stage,insufficient proactive and proactive supervision system for voluntary guardianship,unclear risk responsibilities of guardians in fulfilling their responsibilities,insufficient supporting mechanisms for special needs trusts,and insufficient promotion of special needs trust services.Therefore,the development of special needs trust also needs to cultivate new guardianship concepts,establish social guardianship organizations,design guardianship liability insurance,establish a reasonable public rights supervision system,promote community trust pilot projects,and promote multiple subject publicity,which can effectively solve the needs of people with special needs for lifelong care and property safety,and finally provide inclusive,full cycle trust solutions.